The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2012

Seizure Mimicking Stroke: Role of CT Perfusion, Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna, Prerak P. Shukla, and Michael F. Waters

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and CT perfusion changes, Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna, Latha Ganti Stead, Sharathchandra Bidari, Akhil Patel, Amareshwari Gottipati, Christopher G. Favilla, Arash Salardini, Aunali Khaku, Diana Mora, Ajay Pandey, Het Patel, and Michael F. Waters

Genetic Deletion Of Tnf Receptor Suppresses Excitatory Synaptic Transmission Via Reducing Ampa Receptor Synaptic Localization In Cortical Neurons, Ping He, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, and Yong Shen

Evaluation of intraventricular hemorrhage assessment methods for predicting outcome following intracerebral hemorrhage, Brian Y. Hwang, Samuel S. Bruce, Geoffrey Appelboom, Matthew A. Piazza, Amanda M. Carpenter, Paul R. Gigante, Christopher P. Kellner, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael A. Kellner, Rajeev Deb-Sen, Kerry A. Vaughan, Philip M. Meyers, and E Sander Connolly

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Loss of functional alpha-synuclein: A toxic event in Parkinson's disease?, Nicholas M. Kanaan and Fredric P. Manfredsson

Neuroprotective efficacy of Nardostachys jatamansi and crocetin in conjunction with selenium in cognitive impairment, M. Badruzzaman Khan, Md Nasrul Hoda, Tauheed Ishrat, Saif Ahmad, Mohd Moshahid Khan, Ajmal Ahmad, Seema Yusuf, and Fakhrul Islam

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Acute Exposure To The Mitochondrial Complex I Toxin Rotenone Impairs Synaptic Long-Term Potentiation In Rat Hippocampal Slices, Ryoichi Kimura, Lu Yao Ma, Chen Wu, Dharshaun Turner, Jian Xin Shen, Kevin Ellsworth, Makoto Wakui, Marwan Maalouf, and Jie Wu

Regulation of XFGF8 gene expression through SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 in developing Xenopus embryos., Yong Hwan Kim, Jee Yoon Shin, Wonho Na, Jungho Kim, Bong-Gun Ju, and Won-Sun Kim

Retinoid Signaling Alterations In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Christi L. Kolarcik and Robert Bowser

Biochemical alterations associated with ALS, Kay A. Lawton, Merit E. Cudkowicz, Meredith V. Brown, Danny Alexander, Rebecca Caffrey, Jacob E. Wulff, Robert Bowser, Robert Lawson, Matt Jaffa, Michael V. Milburn, John A. Ryals, and James D. Berry

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A Pilot Trial Of Pioglitazone Hcl And Tretinoin In Als: Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers To Monitor Drug Efficacy And Predict Rate Of Disease Progression, Todd D. Levine, Robert Bowser, Nicole C. Hank, Stephen Gately, Dietrich Stephan, David S. Saperstein, and Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen

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Functional α7β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed In Hippocampal Interneurons Exhibit High Sensitivity To Pathological Level Of Amyloid β Peptides, Qiang Liu, Yao Huang, Jianxin Shen, Scott Steffensen, and Jie Wu

The Role Of Androgen-Induced Growth Factor (Fgf8) On Genital Tubercle Development In A Hypospadiac Male Rat Model Of Prenatal Exposure To Di-N-Butyl Phthalate, Shi Bo Liu, Zheng Ma, Wen Lan Sun, Xiao Wen Sun, Yan Hong, Long Ma, Chao Qin, Harrison J. Stratton, Qiang Liu, and Jun Tao Jiang

α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Neuroprotection Against Dopaminergic Neuron Loss In An Mptp Mouse Model Via Inhibition Of Astrocyte Activation, Yuan Liu, Jun Hu, Jie Wu, Chenlei Zhu, Yujian Hui, Yaping Han, Zuhu Huang, Kevin Ellsworth, and Weimin Fan

Vitamin B12 deficiency associated with concomitant metformin and proton pump inhibitor use, Amanda N. Long, Christopher L. Atwell, Wonsuk Yoo, and Solomon S. Solomon

Identification Of Novel Splice Variants And Exons Of Human Endothelial Cell-Specific Chemotaxic Regulator (Ecscr) By Bioinformatics Analysis, Jia Lu, Chaokun Li, Chunwei Shi, James Balducci, Hanju Huang, Hong Long Ji, Yongchang Chang, and Yao Huang

Lifelong rapamycin administration ameliorates age-dependent cognitive deficits by reducing IL-1β and enhancing NMDA signaling, Smita Majumder, Antonella Caccamo, David X. Medina, Adriana D. Benavides, Martin A. Javors, Ellen Kraig, Randy Strong, Arlan Richardson, and Salvatore Oddo

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Pharmacological stabilization of intracranial aneurysms in mice: a feasibility study, Hiroshi Makino, Yoshiteru Tada, Kosuke Wada, Elena I. Liang, Mayland Chang, Shahriar Mobashery, Yasuhisa Kanematsu, Chie Kurihara, Emma Palova, Miyuki Kanematsu, Keiko Kitazato, and Tomoki Hashimoto

Pesticide Exposure As A Risk Factor For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis Of Epidemiological Studies. Pesticide Exposure As A Risk Factor For Als., Angela M. Malek, Aaron Barchowsky, Robert Bowser, Ada Youk, and Evelyn O. Talbott

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Regulated protein expression for in vivo gene therapy for neurological disorders: Progress, strategies, and issues, Fredric P. Manfredsson, David C. Bloom, and Ronald J. Mandel

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MicroRNA and mRNA expression profile screening in multiple sclerosis patients to unravel novel pathogenic steps and identify potential biomarkers, Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi, Chiara Fenoglio, Paola Brambilla, Melissa Sorosina, Giacomo Giacalone, Federica Esposito, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Elisa Ridolfi, Mariaemma Rodegher, Lucia Moiola, Bruno Colombo, Milena De Riz, Vittorio Martinelli, Elio Scarpini, Giancarlo Comi, and Daniela Galimberti

Reference Measurement Procedures For Alzheimers Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers: Definitions And Approaches With Focus On Amyloid 42, Niklas Mattsson, Ingrid Zegers, Ulf Andreasson, Maria Bjerke, Marinus A. Blankenstein, Robert Bowser, Maria C. Carrillo, Johan Gobom, Theresa Heath, R Jenkins, Andreas Jeromin, June Kaplow, Daniel Kidd, Omar F. Laterza, Andrew Lockhart, Michael P. Lunn, Robert L. Martone, Kevin Mills, Josef Pannee, Marianne Ratcliffe, Leslie M. Shaw, Adam J. Simon, Holly Soares, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Marcel M. Verbeek, Robert M. Umek, Hugo Vanderstichele, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, and Erik Portelius

A Novel α-Conotoxin Mii-Sensitive Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Modulates [ 3H]-Gaba Release In The Superficial Layers Of The Mouse Superior Colliculus, Tristan D. McClure-Begley, Charles R. Wageman, Sharon R. Grady, Michael J. Marks, J. Michael McIntosh, Allan C. Collins, and Paul Whiteaker

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Separated at birth? the functional and molecular divergence of OLIG1 and OLIG2, Dimphna H. Meijer, Michael F. Kane, Shwetal Mehta, Hongye Liu, Emily Harrington, Christopher M. Taylor, Charles D. Stiles, and David H. Rowitch

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Manganese superoxide dismutase, MnSOD and its mimics, Sumitra Miriyala, Ivan Spasojevic, Artak Tovmasyan, Daniela Salvemini, Zeljko Vujaskovic, Daret St. Clair, and Ines Batinic-Haberle

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Mn porphyrins as novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, Vladimir Mouraviev, Talaignair N. Venkatraman, Artak Tovmasyan, Masaki Kimura, Matvey Tsivian, Vladimira Mouravieva, Tom J. Polascik, Haichen Wang, Timothy J. Amrhein, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Christopher Lascola

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Mild cognitive impairment: Pathology and mechanisms, Elliott J. Mufson, Lester Binder, Scott E. Counts, Steven T. Dekosky, Leyla Detoledo-Morrell, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Milos D. Ikonomovic, Sylvia E. Perez, and Stephen W. Scheff

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Hippocampal ProNGF signaling pathways and β-amyloid levels in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer disease, Elliott J. Mufson, Bin He, Muhammad Nadeem, Sylvia E. Perez, Scott E. Counts, Sue Leurgans, Jason Fritz, James Lah, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Joanne Wuu, and Stephen W. Scheff

α7β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Assemble Function And Are Activated Primarily Via Their α7-α7 Interfaces, Teresa A. Murray, Daniel Bertrand, Roger L. Papke, Andrew A. George, Rigo Pantoja, Rahul Srinivasan, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, Paul Whiteaker, Henry A. Lester, and Ronald J. Lukas

Roadmap And Standard Operating Procedures For Biobanking And Discovery Of Neurochemical Markers In Als, Markus Otto, Robert Bowser, Martin Turner, James Berry, Johannes Brettschneider, James Connor, Jlia Costa, Merit Cudkowicz, Jonathan Glass, Olaf Jahn, Stefan Lehnert, Andrea Malaspina, Lucilla Parnetti, Axel Petzold, Pamela Shaw, Alexander Sherman, Petra Steinacker, Sigurd Sßmuth, Charlotte Teunissen, Hayrettin Tumani, Anna Wuolikainen, and Albert Ludolph

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Effects of aromatase inhibition versus gonadectomy on hippocampal complex amyloid pathology in triple transgenic mice, Cassia R. Overk, Pei Yi Lu, Yue Ting Wang, Jaewoo Choi, James W. Shaw, Gregory R. Thatcher, and Elliott J. Mufson

Neuroprotection For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Role Of Stem Cells Growth Factors And Gene Therapy, Rachna S. Pandya, Lilly L.J. Mao, Edward W. Zhou, Robert Bowser, Zhenglun Zhu, Yongjin Zhu, and Xin Wang

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Rac1b increases with progressive tau pathology within cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons in alzheimer's disease, Sylvia E. Perez, Damianka P. Getova, Bin He, Scott E. Counts, Changiz Geula, Laurent Desire, Severine Coutadeur, Helene Peillon, Stephen D. Ginsberg, and Elliott J. Mufson

Dimebon alters hippocampal amyloid pathology in 3xTg-AD mice, Sylvia E. Perez, Muhammad Nadeem, Katherine R. Sadleir, Joanna Matras, Christy M. Kelley, Scott E. Counts, Robert Vassar, and Elliott J. Mufson

Rhodopsin gene expression determines rod outer segment size and rod cell resistance to a dominant-negative neurodegeneration mutant, Brandee A. Price, Ivette M. Sandoval, Fung Chan, Ralph Nichols, Ramon Roman-Sanchez, Theodore G. Wensel, and John H. Wilson

A new SOD mimic, Mn(III) ortho N-butoxyethylpyridylporphyrin, combines superb potency and lipophilicity with low toxicity, Zrinka Rajic, Artak Tovmasyan, Ivan Spasojevic, Huaxin Sheng, Miaomiao Lu, Alice M. Li, Edith B. Gralla, David S. Warner, Ludmil Benov, and Ines Batinic-Haberle

BDNF may play a differential role in the protective effect of the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 on striatal projection neurons in R6/2 Huntington's disease mice, A. Reiner, H. B. Wang, N. Del Mar, K. Sakata, W. Yoo, and Y. P. Deng

Biomechanical analysis of a novel hook-screw technique for C1-2 stabilization: Technical note, Marco Túlio Reis, Eric W. Nottmeier, Phillip M. Reyes, Seungwon Baek, and Neil R. Crawford

Mechanisms of microthrombi formation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, M. Sabri, J. Ai, K. Lakovic, J. D'abbondanza, D. Ilodigwe, and R. L. MacDonald

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Neuronal LR11 expression does not differentiate between clinically-defined Alzheimer's disease and control brains, Kristen L. Sager, Joanne Wuu, Jeremy H. Herskowitz, Elliott J. Mufson, Allan I. Levey, and James J. Lah

Advanced technical skills are required for microsurgical clipping of posterior communicating artery aneurysms in the endovascular era., Nader Sanai, Nolan Caldwell, Dario J Englot, and Michael T Lawton

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Characterization of restricted diffusion in uni- and multi-lamellar vesicles using short distance iMQCs, A. M. Stokes, J. W. Wilson, and W. S. Warren

Regulated temporal-spatial astrocyte precursor cell proliferation involves BRAF signalling in mammalian spinal cord, An-Chi Tien, Hui-Hsin Tsai, Anna V. Molofsky, Martin McMahon, Lynette C. Foo, Aparna Kaul, Joseph D. Dougherty, Nathaniel Heintz, David H. Gutmann, Ben A. Barres, and David H. Rowitch

Computed tomographic perfusion imaging of non-hemorrhagic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and reversal following medical treatment after carotid artery angioplasty and stenting, Raul A. Vasquez, Michael F. Waters, Christopher J. Skowlund, J Mocco, and Brian L. Hoh

Direct thrombectomy using the Penumbra thromboaspiration catheter for the treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, Gregory J. Velat, Christopher J. Skowlund, Michael F. Waters, J Mocco, and Brian L. Hoh

Differential Contributions Of Somatic And Dendritic Calcium-Dependent Potassium Currents To The Control Of Motoneuron Excitability Following Spinal Cord Injury, Sharmila Venugopal, Thomas M. Hamm, and Ranu Jung

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Genetics and expression analysis of the specificity protein 4 gene (SP4) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Chiara Villa, Laura Ghezzi, Chiara Fenoglio, Francesca Clerici, Alessandra Marcone, Luisa Benussi, Roberta Ghidoni, Salvatore Gallone, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Elisa Ridolfi, Rossana Bonsi, Chiara Cerami, Stefano Cappa, Giuliano Binetti, Massimo Franceschi, Innocenzo Rainero, Claudio Mariani, Nereo Bresolin, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

Mapping Single-Cell-Substrate Interactions By Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy, Wei Wang, Shaopeng Wang, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, and Nongjian Tao

Label-Free Measuring And Mapping Of Binding Kinetics Of Membrane Proteins In Single Living Cells, Wei Wang, Yunze Yang, Shaopeng Wang, Vinay J. Nagaraj, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, and Nongjian Tao

Oculomotor and visual axis systems sparing in spinocerebellar ataxia type 13(R420H), Michael F. Waters, Sankarasubramoney H. Subramony, Joel Advincula, Susan Perlman, and Tetsuo Ashizawa

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Structural And Functional Characterization Of Two Alternative Splicing Variants Of Mouse Endothelial Cell-Specific Chemotaxis Regulator (Ecscr), Wen Wu, Chunwei Shi, Fanxin Ma, James Balducci, Hanju Huang, Hong Long Ji, Yongchang Chang, and Yao Huang

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Rapamycin induces glucose intolerance in mice by reducing islet mass, insulin content, and insulin sensitivity, Shi Bing Yang, Hye Young Lee, David Matthew Young, An Chi Tien, Ashley Rowson-Baldwin, Yu Yu Shu, Yuh Nung Jan, and Lily Yeh Jan

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Rapamycin ameliorates age-dependent obesity associated with increased mTOR signaling in hypothalamic POMC neurons, Shi Bing Yang, An Chi Tien, Gayatri Boddupalli, Allison W. Xu, Yuh Nung Jan, and Lily Yeh Jan

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Discovery Of Highly Potent And Selective α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) Partial Agonists Containing An Isoxazolylpyridine Ether Scaffold That Demonstrate Antidepressant-Like Activity. Part II, Li Fang Yu, J. Brek Eaton, Allison Fedolak, Han Kun Zhang, Taleen Hanania, Dani Brunner, Ronald J. Lukas, and Alan P. Kozikowski

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Identification Of Novel α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) Agonists Based On An Isoxazole Ether Scaffold That Demonstrate Antidepressant-Like Activity, Li Fang Yu, Werner Tuckmantel, J. Brek Eaton, Barbara Caldarone, Allison Fedolak, Taleen Hanania, Dani Brunner, Ronald J. Lukas, and Alan P. Kozikowski

Epidemiological trends in the neurological intensive care unit from 2000 to 2008, Brad E. Zacharia, Kerry A. Vaughan, Samuel S. Bruce, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Reshma Narula, Joyce Khandji, Amanda M. Carpenter, Zachary L. Hickman, Andrew F. Ducruet, and E Sander Connolly

Impact Of Prefrontal Cortex In Nicotine-Induced Excitation Of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons In Anesthetized Rats, Die Zhang, Ming Gao, Dan Xu, Wei Xing Shi, Boris S. Gutkin, Scott C. Steffensen, Ronald J. Lukas, and Jie Wu

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Insights Into The Structural Determinants Required For High-Affinity Binding Of Chiral Cyclopropane-Containing Ligands To α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: An Integrated Approach To Behaviorally Active Nicotinic Ligands, Han Kun Zhang, J. Brek Eaton, Li Fang Yu, Mieke Nys, Angelica Mazzolari, Rene Van Elk, August B. Smit, Vadim Alexandrov, Taleen Hanania, Emily Sabath, Allison Fedolak, Daniela Brunner, Ronald J. Lukas, Giulio Vistoli, Chris Ulens, and Alan P. Kozikowski

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Chemistry And Behavioral Studies Identify Chiral Cyclopropanes As Selective α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonists Exhibiting An Antidepressant Profile, Hankun Zhang, Werner Tuckmantel, J. Brek Eaton, Po Wai Yuen, Li Fang Yu, Krishna Mohan Bajjuri, Allison Fedolak, Daguang Wang, Afshin Ghavami, Barbara Caldarone, Neil E. Paterson, David A. Lowe, Daniela Brunner, and Ronald J. Lukas

Characterization Of A Novel Splice Variant Of δ Enac Subunit In Human Lungs, Run Zhen Zhao, Hong Guang Nie, Xue Feng Su, Dong Yun Han, Andrew Lee, Yao Huang, Yongchang Chang, Sadis Matalon, and Hong Long Ji

Pharmacologic reduction of angiographic vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Tommaso Zoerle, Don C. Ilodigwe, Hoyee Wan, Katarina Lakovic, Mohammed Sabri, Jinglu Ai, and R. Loch MacDonald

Submissions from 2011

Genetic and functional studies of a missense variant in a glutamate transporter, SLC1A3, in Tourette syndrome, Abby Adamczyk, Colin D. Gause, Rita Sattler, Svetlana Vidensky, Jeffery D. Rothstein, Harvey Singer, and Tao Wang

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Continuous cardiac output measurement with a Doppler-equipped pulmonary artery catheter, Shigeru Akamatsu, Yuji Kondo, Norio Ueda, Akiko Kojima, Naokazu Fukuoka, Motoshi Takada, Shuji Dohi, and Tomoki Hashimoto

Intranasal delivery of caspase-9 inhibitor reduces caspase-6-dependent axon/neuron loss and improves neurological function after stroke, Nsikan Akpan, Esther Serrano-Saiz, Brad E. Zacharia, Marc L. Otten, Andrew F. Ducruet, Scott J. Snipas, Wen Liu, Jennifer Velloza, Greg Cohen, Sergeyi A. Sosunov, William H. Frey, Guy S. Salvesen, E Sander Connolly, and Carol M. Troy

Impact of intracranial self-expanding stents in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: efficacy and limitations, Saeed Ansari, Douglas J. McConnell, Hassan Azari, Elad I. Levy, Brian L. Hoh, Michael F. Waters, and J Mocco

Intracranial stents for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: evolution and current status, Saeed Ansari, Douglas J. McConnell, Gregory J. Velat, Michael F. Waters, Elad I. Levy, Brian L. Hoh, and J Mocco

Recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke, part 2: mechanical intra-arterial technologies, Saeed Ansari, Maryam Rahman, Douglas J. McConnell, Michael F. Waters, Brian L. Hoh, and J Mocco

Recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke, part 1: surgical embolectomy and chemical thrombolysis, Saeed Ansari, Maryam Rahman, Michael F. Waters, Brian L. Hoh, and J Mocco

Biomechanical advantage of the index-level pedicle screw in unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures: Presented at the 2010 Joint Spine Section Meeting - Laboratory investigation, Ali A. Baaj, Phillip M. Reyes, Ali S. Yaqoobi, Juan S. Uribe, Fernando L. Vale, Nicholas Theodore, Volker K.H. Sonntag, and Neil R. Crawford

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Bioactivity of AAV2-neurturin gene therapy (CERE-120): Differences between Parkinson's disease and nonhuman primate brains, Raymond T. Bartus, Christopher D. Herzog, Yaping Chu, Alistair Wilson, Lamar Brown, Joao Siffert, Eugene M. Johnson, C. Warren Olanow, Elliott J. Mufson, and Jeffrey H. Kordower

Diverse functions of cationic Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrins, recognized as SOD mimics, Ines Batinic-Haberle, Zrinka Rajic, Artak Tovmasyan, Julio S. Reboucas, Xiaodong Ye, Kam W. Leong, Mark W. Dewhirst, Zeljko Vujaskovic, Ludmil Benov, and Ivan Spasojevic

ALSUntangled 13: Bee venom., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 10: Luteolin and Lutimax., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 11: Nu Tech Mediworld., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 12: Dean Kraft, Energy Healer., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 8: Low dose naltrexone for ALS., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 9: Blue-green algae (Spirulina) as a treatment for ALS., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Opportunities and Limitations, Robert Bowser, Martin R. Turner, and Jeremy M. Shefner

Biomechanical contribution of the rib cage to thoracic stability, Leonardo B.C. Brasiliense, Bruno C.R. Lazaro, Phillip M. Reyes, Şeref Doǧan, Nicholas Theodore, and Neil R. Crawford

Naturally secreted amyloid-beta increases mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity via a PRAS40-mediated mechanism, Antonella Caccamo, Monica A. Maldonado, Smita Majumder, David X. Medina, Walter Holbein, Andrea Magrí, and Salvatore Oddo

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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Progranulin mutations carriers, Miryam Carecchio, Chiara Fenoglio, Francesca Cortini, Cristoforo Comi, Luisa Benussi, Roberta Ghidoni, Barbara Borroni, Milena De Riz, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Massimo Franceschi, Valentina Albertini, Francesco Monaco, Innocenzo Rainero, Giuliano Binetti, Alessandro Padovani, Nereo Bresolin, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

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Synthesis Of 2-(Substituted Phenyl)-355-Trimethylmorpholine Analogues And Their Effects On Monoamine Uptake Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function And Behavioral Effects Of Nicotine, F. Ivy Carroll, Ana Z. Muresan, Bruce E. Blough, Hernan A. Navarro, S. Wayne Mascarella, J. Brek Eaton, Xiaodong Huang, M. Imad Damaj, and Ronald J. Lukas

Different effects of clazosentan on consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats, Gang Chen, Asma Tariq, Jinglu Ai, Mohammed Sabri, Hyo Jin Jeon, Elaine J.Y. Tang, Katarina Lakovic, Hoyee Wan, and R. Loch Macdonald

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Cell-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A and 2B genetic variability in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Francesca Cortini, Chiara Fenoglio, Eliana Venturelli, Chiara Villa, Francesca Clerici, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Giorgio Fumagalli, Claudio Mariani, Nereo Bresolin, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

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Gender differences in neurotrophin and glutamate receptor expression in cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons during the progression of Alzheimer's disease, Scott E. Counts, Shaoli Che, Stephen D. Ginsberg, and Elliott J. Mufson

Regarding fixed ring and floating ring pure moment application, Neil R. Crawford

Biomechanics of one-level anterior cervical discectomy and plating using two screws versus four screws, Neil R. Crawford, Matti Scholz, Phillip M. Reyes, Philipp Schleicher, Leonardo B.C. Brasiliense, Anna G.U. Sawa, Seungwon Baek, Frederick F. Marciano, and Frank M. Kandziora

Comments, Neil R. Crawford and Volker K.H. Sonntag

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Identification Of N-Terminal Extracellular Domain Determinants In Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) α6 Subunits That Influence Effects Of Wild-Type Or Mutant β3 Subunits On Function Of α6β2*- Or α6β4*-Nachr, Bhagirathi Dash, Minoti Bhakta, Yongchang Chang, and Ronald J. Lukas

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Reporter Mutation Studies Show That Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) α5 Subunits And/Or Variants Modulate Function Of α6*-Nachr, Bhagirathi Dash, Yongchang Chang, and Ronald J. Lukas

Targeting lymphocytes in ischemic stroke, Andrew F. Ducruet and E Sander Connolly

Preclinical evaluation of postischemic dehydroascorbic Acid administration in a large-animal stroke model, Andrew F. Ducruet, William J. Mack, J Mocco, Daniel J. Hoh, Alexander L. Coon, Anthony L. D'Ambrosio, Christopher J. Winfree, David J. Pinsky, and E Sander Connolly

Paradoxical exacerbation of neuronal injury in reperfused stroke despite improved blood flow and reduced inflammation in early growth response-1 gene-deleted mice, Andrew F. Ducruet, Sergey A. Sosunov, Scott H. Visovatti, Danica Petrovic-Djergovic, William J. Mack, E Sander Connolly, and David J. Pinsky

The Neuroprotective Effect of Genetic Mannose-binding Lectin Deficiency is not Sustained in the Sub-acute Phase of Stroke, Andrew F. Ducruet, Sergey A. Sosunov, Brad E. Zacharia, Justin Gorski, Mason L. Yeh, Peter Derosa, Gregory Cohen, Paul R. Gigante, and E Sander Connolly

High-mobility group box-1 and biomarkers of inflammation in the vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Ahmed M.Abu El-Asrar, Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz, Dustan Kangave, Karel Geboes, Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Saif Ahmad, and Mohamed Al-Shabrawey

Endogenous galanin protects mouse hippocampal neurons against amyloid toxicity in vitro via activation of galanin receptor-2, Caroline R. Elliott-Hunt, Fiona E. Holmes, Dean M. Hartley, Sylvia Perez, Elliott J. Mufson, and David Wynick

Interactive rehabilitation and dynamical analysis of scalp EEG, Aaron Faith, Yinpeng Chen, Thanassis Rikakis, and Leonidas Iasemidis

Aggressive intervention to treat a young woman with intracranial hemorrhage following unsuccessful intravenous thrombolysis for left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Case report, Kyle M. Fargen, Brian L. Hoh, Gregory L. Fautheree, Walter R. Morgan, Gregory J. Velat, Michael F. Waters, and J Mocco

Comparison of survival outcomes between patients with malignant mixed mullerian tumors and high-grade endometrioid, clear cell, and papillary serous endometrial cancers, Ashley Sinclair Felix, Roslyn A. Stone, Robert Bowser, Mamatha Chivukula, Robert P. Edwards, Joel L. Weissfeld, and Faina Linkov

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Expression and genetic analysis of miRNAs involved in CD4+ cell activation in patients with multiple sclerosis, Chiara Fenoglio, Claudia Cantoni, Milena De Riz, Elisa Ridolfi, Francesca Cortini, Maria Serpente, Chiara Villa, Cristoforo Comi, Francesco Monaco, Luisa Mellesi, Stefano Valzelli, Nereo Bresolin, Daniela Galimberti, and Elio Scarpini