The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2012

Computed tomographic perfusion imaging of non-hemorrhagic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and reversal following medical treatment after carotid artery angioplasty and stenting, Raul A. Vasquez, Michael F. Waters, Christopher J. Skowlund, J Mocco, and Brian L. Hoh

Direct thrombectomy using the Penumbra thromboaspiration catheter for the treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, Gregory J. Velat, Christopher J. Skowlund, Michael F. Waters, J Mocco, and Brian L. Hoh

Differential Contributions Of Somatic And Dendritic Calcium-Dependent Potassium Currents To The Control Of Motoneuron Excitability Following Spinal Cord Injury, Sharmila Venugopal, Thomas M. Hamm, and Ranu Jung

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Genetics and expression analysis of the specificity protein 4 gene (SP4) in patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Chiara Villa, Laura Ghezzi, Chiara Fenoglio, Francesca Clerici, Alessandra Marcone, Luisa Benussi, Roberta Ghidoni, Salvatore Gallone, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Elisa Ridolfi, Rossana Bonsi, Chiara Cerami, Stefano Cappa, Giuliano Binetti, Massimo Franceschi, Innocenzo Rainero, Claudio Mariani, Nereo Bresolin, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

Mapping Single-Cell-Substrate Interactions By Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy, Wei Wang, Shaopeng Wang, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, and Nongjian Tao

Label-Free Measuring And Mapping Of Binding Kinetics Of Membrane Proteins In Single Living Cells, Wei Wang, Yunze Yang, Shaopeng Wang, Vinay J. Nagaraj, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, and Nongjian Tao

Oculomotor and visual axis systems sparing in spinocerebellar ataxia type 13(R420H), Michael F. Waters, Sankarasubramoney H. Subramony, Joel Advincula, Susan Perlman, and Tetsuo Ashizawa

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Structural And Functional Characterization Of Two Alternative Splicing Variants Of Mouse Endothelial Cell-Specific Chemotaxis Regulator (Ecscr), Wen Wu, Chunwei Shi, Fanxin Ma, James Balducci, Hanju Huang, Hong Long Ji, Yongchang Chang, and Yao Huang

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Rapamycin induces glucose intolerance in mice by reducing islet mass, insulin content, and insulin sensitivity, Shi Bing Yang, Hye Young Lee, David Matthew Young, An Chi Tien, Ashley Rowson-Baldwin, Yu Yu Shu, Yuh Nung Jan, and Lily Yeh Jan

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Rapamycin ameliorates age-dependent obesity associated with increased mTOR signaling in hypothalamic POMC neurons, Shi Bing Yang, An Chi Tien, Gayatri Boddupalli, Allison W. Xu, Yuh Nung Jan, and Lily Yeh Jan

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Discovery Of Highly Potent And Selective α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) Partial Agonists Containing An Isoxazolylpyridine Ether Scaffold That Demonstrate Antidepressant-Like Activity. Part II, Li Fang Yu, J. Brek Eaton, Allison Fedolak, Han Kun Zhang, Taleen Hanania, Dani Brunner, Ronald J. Lukas, and Alan P. Kozikowski

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Identification Of Novel α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) Agonists Based On An Isoxazole Ether Scaffold That Demonstrate Antidepressant-Like Activity, Li Fang Yu, Werner Tuckmantel, J. Brek Eaton, Barbara Caldarone, Allison Fedolak, Taleen Hanania, Dani Brunner, Ronald J. Lukas, and Alan P. Kozikowski

Epidemiological trends in the neurological intensive care unit from 2000 to 2008, Brad E. Zacharia, Kerry A. Vaughan, Samuel S. Bruce, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Reshma Narula, Joyce Khandji, Amanda M. Carpenter, Zachary L. Hickman, Andrew F. Ducruet, and E Sander Connolly

Impact Of Prefrontal Cortex In Nicotine-Induced Excitation Of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons In Anesthetized Rats, Die Zhang, Ming Gao, Dan Xu, Wei Xing Shi, Boris S. Gutkin, Scott C. Steffensen, Ronald J. Lukas, and Jie Wu

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Insights Into The Structural Determinants Required For High-Affinity Binding Of Chiral Cyclopropane-Containing Ligands To α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: An Integrated Approach To Behaviorally Active Nicotinic Ligands, Han Kun Zhang, J. Brek Eaton, Li Fang Yu, Mieke Nys, Angelica Mazzolari, Rene Van Elk, August B. Smit, Vadim Alexandrov, Taleen Hanania, Emily Sabath, Allison Fedolak, Daniela Brunner, Ronald J. Lukas, Giulio Vistoli, Chris Ulens, and Alan P. Kozikowski

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Chemistry And Behavioral Studies Identify Chiral Cyclopropanes As Selective α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonists Exhibiting An Antidepressant Profile, Hankun Zhang, Werner Tuckmantel, J. Brek Eaton, Po Wai Yuen, Li Fang Yu, Krishna Mohan Bajjuri, Allison Fedolak, Daguang Wang, Afshin Ghavami, Barbara Caldarone, Neil E. Paterson, David A. Lowe, Daniela Brunner, and Ronald J. Lukas

Characterization Of A Novel Splice Variant Of δ Enac Subunit In Human Lungs, Run Zhen Zhao, Hong Guang Nie, Xue Feng Su, Dong Yun Han, Andrew Lee, Yao Huang, Yongchang Chang, Sadis Matalon, and Hong Long Ji

Pharmacologic reduction of angiographic vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Tommaso Zoerle, Don C. Ilodigwe, Hoyee Wan, Katarina Lakovic, Mohammed Sabri, Jinglu Ai, and R. Loch MacDonald

Submissions from 2011

Genetic and functional studies of a missense variant in a glutamate transporter, SLC1A3, in Tourette syndrome, Abby Adamczyk, Colin D. Gause, Rita Sattler, Svetlana Vidensky, Jeffery D. Rothstein, Harvey Singer, and Tao Wang

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Continuous cardiac output measurement with a Doppler-equipped pulmonary artery catheter, Shigeru Akamatsu, Yuji Kondo, Norio Ueda, Akiko Kojima, Naokazu Fukuoka, Motoshi Takada, Shuji Dohi, and Tomoki Hashimoto

Intranasal delivery of caspase-9 inhibitor reduces caspase-6-dependent axon/neuron loss and improves neurological function after stroke, Nsikan Akpan, Esther Serrano-Saiz, Brad E. Zacharia, Marc L. Otten, Andrew F. Ducruet, Scott J. Snipas, Wen Liu, Jennifer Velloza, Greg Cohen, Sergeyi A. Sosunov, William H. Frey, Guy S. Salvesen, E Sander Connolly, and Carol M. Troy

Impact of intracranial self-expanding stents in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: efficacy and limitations, Saeed Ansari, Douglas J. McConnell, Hassan Azari, Elad I. Levy, Brian L. Hoh, Michael F. Waters, and J Mocco

Intracranial stents for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: evolution and current status, Saeed Ansari, Douglas J. McConnell, Gregory J. Velat, Michael F. Waters, Elad I. Levy, Brian L. Hoh, and J Mocco

Recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke, part 2: mechanical intra-arterial technologies, Saeed Ansari, Maryam Rahman, Douglas J. McConnell, Michael F. Waters, Brian L. Hoh, and J Mocco

Recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke, part 1: surgical embolectomy and chemical thrombolysis, Saeed Ansari, Maryam Rahman, Michael F. Waters, Brian L. Hoh, and J Mocco

Biomechanical advantage of the index-level pedicle screw in unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures: Presented at the 2010 Joint Spine Section Meeting - Laboratory investigation, Ali A. Baaj, Phillip M. Reyes, Ali S. Yaqoobi, Juan S. Uribe, Fernando L. Vale, Nicholas Theodore, Volker K.H. Sonntag, and Neil R. Crawford

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Bioactivity of AAV2-neurturin gene therapy (CERE-120): Differences between Parkinson's disease and nonhuman primate brains, Raymond T. Bartus, Christopher D. Herzog, Yaping Chu, Alistair Wilson, Lamar Brown, Joao Siffert, Eugene M. Johnson, C. Warren Olanow, Elliott J. Mufson, and Jeffrey H. Kordower

Diverse functions of cationic Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrins, recognized as SOD mimics, Ines Batinic-Haberle, Zrinka Rajic, Artak Tovmasyan, Julio S. Reboucas, Xiaodong Ye, Kam W. Leong, Mark W. Dewhirst, Zeljko Vujaskovic, Ludmil Benov, and Ivan Spasojevic

ALSUntangled 13: Bee venom., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 10: Luteolin and Lutimax., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 11: Nu Tech Mediworld., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 12: Dean Kraft, Energy Healer., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 8: Low dose naltrexone for ALS., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 9: Blue-green algae (Spirulina) as a treatment for ALS., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Opportunities and Limitations, Robert Bowser, Martin R. Turner, and Jeremy M. Shefner

Biomechanical contribution of the rib cage to thoracic stability, Leonardo B.C. Brasiliense, Bruno C.R. Lazaro, Phillip M. Reyes, Şeref Doǧan, Nicholas Theodore, and Neil R. Crawford

Naturally secreted amyloid-beta increases mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity via a PRAS40-mediated mechanism, Antonella Caccamo, Monica A. Maldonado, Smita Majumder, David X. Medina, Walter Holbein, Andrea Magrí, and Salvatore Oddo

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Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Progranulin mutations carriers, Miryam Carecchio, Chiara Fenoglio, Francesca Cortini, Cristoforo Comi, Luisa Benussi, Roberta Ghidoni, Barbara Borroni, Milena De Riz, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Massimo Franceschi, Valentina Albertini, Francesco Monaco, Innocenzo Rainero, Giuliano Binetti, Alessandro Padovani, Nereo Bresolin, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

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Synthesis Of 2-(Substituted Phenyl)-355-Trimethylmorpholine Analogues And Their Effects On Monoamine Uptake Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function And Behavioral Effects Of Nicotine, F. Ivy Carroll, Ana Z. Muresan, Bruce E. Blough, Hernan A. Navarro, S. Wayne Mascarella, J. Brek Eaton, Xiaodong Huang, M. Imad Damaj, and Ronald J. Lukas

Different effects of clazosentan on consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats, Gang Chen, Asma Tariq, Jinglu Ai, Mohammed Sabri, Hyo Jin Jeon, Elaine J.Y. Tang, Katarina Lakovic, Hoyee Wan, and R. Loch Macdonald

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Cell-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A and 2B genetic variability in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Francesca Cortini, Chiara Fenoglio, Eliana Venturelli, Chiara Villa, Francesca Clerici, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Giorgio Fumagalli, Claudio Mariani, Nereo Bresolin, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

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Gender differences in neurotrophin and glutamate receptor expression in cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons during the progression of Alzheimer's disease, Scott E. Counts, Shaoli Che, Stephen D. Ginsberg, and Elliott J. Mufson

Regarding fixed ring and floating ring pure moment application, Neil R. Crawford

Biomechanics of one-level anterior cervical discectomy and plating using two screws versus four screws, Neil R. Crawford, Matti Scholz, Phillip M. Reyes, Philipp Schleicher, Leonardo B.C. Brasiliense, Anna G.U. Sawa, Seungwon Baek, Frederick F. Marciano, and Frank M. Kandziora

Comments, Neil R. Crawford and Volker K.H. Sonntag

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Identification Of N-Terminal Extracellular Domain Determinants In Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) α6 Subunits That Influence Effects Of Wild-Type Or Mutant β3 Subunits On Function Of α6β2*- Or α6β4*-Nachr, Bhagirathi Dash, Minoti Bhakta, Yongchang Chang, and Ronald J. Lukas

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Reporter Mutation Studies Show That Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) α5 Subunits And/Or Variants Modulate Function Of α6*-Nachr, Bhagirathi Dash, Yongchang Chang, and Ronald J. Lukas

Targeting lymphocytes in ischemic stroke, Andrew F. Ducruet and E Sander Connolly

Preclinical evaluation of postischemic dehydroascorbic Acid administration in a large-animal stroke model, Andrew F. Ducruet, William J. Mack, J Mocco, Daniel J. Hoh, Alexander L. Coon, Anthony L. D'Ambrosio, Christopher J. Winfree, David J. Pinsky, and E Sander Connolly

Paradoxical exacerbation of neuronal injury in reperfused stroke despite improved blood flow and reduced inflammation in early growth response-1 gene-deleted mice, Andrew F. Ducruet, Sergey A. Sosunov, Scott H. Visovatti, Danica Petrovic-Djergovic, William J. Mack, E Sander Connolly, and David J. Pinsky

The Neuroprotective Effect of Genetic Mannose-binding Lectin Deficiency is not Sustained in the Sub-acute Phase of Stroke, Andrew F. Ducruet, Sergey A. Sosunov, Brad E. Zacharia, Justin Gorski, Mason L. Yeh, Peter Derosa, Gregory Cohen, Paul R. Gigante, and E Sander Connolly

High-mobility group box-1 and biomarkers of inflammation in the vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, Ahmed M.Abu El-Asrar, Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz, Dustan Kangave, Karel Geboes, Mohammad Shamsul Ola, Saif Ahmad, and Mohamed Al-Shabrawey

Endogenous galanin protects mouse hippocampal neurons against amyloid toxicity in vitro via activation of galanin receptor-2, Caroline R. Elliott-Hunt, Fiona E. Holmes, Dean M. Hartley, Sylvia Perez, Elliott J. Mufson, and David Wynick

Interactive rehabilitation and dynamical analysis of scalp EEG, Aaron Faith, Yinpeng Chen, Thanassis Rikakis, and Leonidas Iasemidis

Aggressive intervention to treat a young woman with intracranial hemorrhage following unsuccessful intravenous thrombolysis for left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Case report, Kyle M. Fargen, Brian L. Hoh, Gregory L. Fautheree, Walter R. Morgan, Gregory J. Velat, Michael F. Waters, and J Mocco

Comparison of survival outcomes between patients with malignant mixed mullerian tumors and high-grade endometrioid, clear cell, and papillary serous endometrial cancers, Ashley Sinclair Felix, Roslyn A. Stone, Robert Bowser, Mamatha Chivukula, Robert P. Edwards, Joel L. Weissfeld, and Faina Linkov

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Expression and genetic analysis of miRNAs involved in CD4+ cell activation in patients with multiple sclerosis, Chiara Fenoglio, Claudia Cantoni, Milena De Riz, Elisa Ridolfi, Francesca Cortini, Maria Serpente, Chiara Villa, Cristoforo Comi, Francesco Monaco, Luisa Mellesi, Stefano Valzelli, Nereo Bresolin, Daniela Galimberti, and Elio Scarpini

A common KIF6 polymorphism increases vulnerability to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: Two meta-analyses and a meta-regression analysis, Brian A. Ference, Wonsuk Yoo, John M. Flack, and Michael Clarke

Frequency of KCNC3 DNA variants as causes of spinocerebellar ataxia 13 (SCA13), Karla P. Figueroa, Michael F. Waters, Vartan Garibyan, Thomas D. Bird, Christopher M. Gomez, Laura P. Ranum, Natali A. Minassian, Diane M. Papazian, and Stefan M. Pulst

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GSK3β genetic variability in patients with Multiple Sclerosis, Daniela Galimberti, James Macmurray, Diego Scalabrini, Chiara Fenoglio, Milena De Riz, Cristoforo Comi, David Comings, Francesca Cortini, Chiara Villa, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Elisa Ridolfi, Ma-Hin Fardipoor, Maurizio Leone, Francesco Monaco, Nereo Bresolin, and Elio Scarpini

Combination of neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 as CSF biomarkers for ALS, Jeban Ganesalingam, Jiyan An, Christopher E. Shaw, Gerry Shaw, David Lacomis, and Robert Bowser

L-Stepholidine-Induced Excitation Of Dopamine Neurons In Rat Ventral Tegmental Area Is Associated With Its 5-Ht1A Receptor Partial Agonistic Activity, Ming Gao, Hong Yuan Chu, Guo Zhang Jin, Zhang Jin Zhang, Jie Wu, and Xue Chu Zhen

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MRI-based volumetric measurement of the substantia innominata in amnestic MCI and mild AD, S. George, E. J. Mufson, S. Leurgans, R. C. Shah, C. Ferrari, and L. DeToledo-Morrell

Isoflurane preconditioning affords functional neuroprotection in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage, Paul R. Gigante, Geoffrey Appelboom, Brian Y. Hwang, Raqeeb M. Haque, Mason L. Yeh, Andrew F. Ducruet, Christopher P. Kellner, Justin Gorski, Sarah E. Keesecker, and E Sander Connolly

Polymorphisms in complement component 3 (C3F) and complement factor H (Y402H) increase the risk of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy, Paul R. Gigante, Ivan S. Kotchetkov, Christopher P. Kellner, Raqeeb Haque, Andrew F. Ducruet, Brian Y. Hwang, Robert A. Solomon, Eric J. Heyer, and E Sander Connolly

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Upregulation of select rab GTPases in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Elliott J. Mufson, Melissa J. Alldred, Scott E. Counts, Joanne Wuu, Ralph A. Nixon, and Shaoli Che

Outcome of lumbar epidural steroid injection is predicted by assay of a complex of fibronectin and aggrecan from epidural lavage, S. Raymond Golish, Lewis S. Hanna, Robert P. Bowser, Pasquale X. Montesano, Eugene J. Carragee, and Gaetano J. Scuderi

Gain-of-function polymorphisms of cystathionine β-synthase and delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Andrew F. Ducruet, Peter A. DeRosa, Ivan S. Kotchetkov, Brad E. Zacharia, Zachary L. Hickman, Luis Fernandez, Reshma Narula, Jan Claassen, Kiwon Lee, Neeraj Badjatia, Stephan A. Mayer, and E Sander Connolly

Attenuation Of Cns Inflammatory Responses By Nicotine Involves α7 And Non-α7 Nicotinic Receptors, Junwei Hao, Alain R. Simard, Gregory H. Turner, Jie Wu, Paul Whiteaker, Ronald J. Lukas, and Fu Dong Shi

Dynamic Alterations Of Gene Expression Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α7 α4 And β2 Subunits In An Acute Mptp-Lesioned Mouse Model, Jun Hu, Chenlei Zhu, Yuan Liu, Fang Wang, Zuhu Huang, Weimin Fan, and Jie Wu

Seizure prediction and its applications, Leon D. Iasemidis

Dynamics and neuromodulation of the epileptic brain. Introduction, Leon D. Iasemidis, Steven Schachter, Gregory A. Worrell, and David Mogul

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Precuneus amyloid burden is associated with reduced cholinergic activity in Alzheimer disease, M. D. Ikonomovic, W. E. Klunk, E. E. Abrahamson, J. Wuu, C. A. Mathis, S. W. Scheff, E. J. Mufson, and S. T. DeKosky

Prenatal Exposure To Di-N-Butyl Phthalate Induces Anorectal Malformations In Male Rat Offspring, Jun Tao Jiang, Wen Lan Sun, Yi Feng Jing, Shi Bo Liu, Zheng Ma, Yan Hong, Long Ma, Chao Qin, Qiang Liu, Harrison J. Stratton, and Shu Jie Xia

Exposure Of Nicotine To Ventral Tegmental Area Slices Induces Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity On Dopamine Neurons, Yu Jin, Kechun Yang, Hong Wang, and Jie Wu

Effect of neocortical and hippocampal amyloid deposition upon galaninergic and cholinergic neurites in AβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice, Christy M. Kelley, Sylvia E. Perez, Cassia R. Overk, David Wynick, and Elliott J. Mufson

Clinical and genetic analyses of three Korean families with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Mi Jung Kim, Seon Tae Kim, Hyoung Doo Lee, Kyu Yong Lee, Jiyoung Seo, Jae Bom Lee, Young Jae Lee, and Suk P. Oh

Vascular smooth muscle Jak2 mediates angiotensin II-induced hypertension via increased levels of reactive oxygen species, Annet Kirabo, Patrick N. Kearns, Yagna P. Jarajapu, Jennifer M. Sasser, Suk Paul Oh, Maria B. Grant, Hideko Kasahara, Arturo J. Cardounel, Chris Baylis, Kay Uwe Wagner, and Peter P. Sayeski

Vascular smooth muscle Jak2 deletion prevents angiotensin II-mediated neointima formation following injury in mice, Annet Kirabo, S. Paul Oh, Hideko Kasahara, Kay Uwe Wagner, and Peter P. Sayeski

Resetting of brain dynamics: epileptic versus psychogenic nonepileptic seizures, Balu Krishnan, Aaron Faith, Ioannis Vlachos, Austin Roth, Korwyn Williams, Katie Noe, Joe Drazkowski, Lisa Tapsell, Joseph Sirven, and Leon Iasemidis

Unexplained fetal death has a biological signature of maternal anti-fetal rejection: Chronic chorioamnionitis and alloimmune anti-human leucocyte antigen antibodies, Joonho Lee, Roberto Romero, Zhong Dong, Yi Xu, Faisal Qureshi, Suzanne Jacques, Wonsuk Yoo, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Pooja Mittal, Sonia S. Hassan, and Chong Jai Kim

A signature of maternal anti-fetal rejection in spontaneous preterm birth: Chronic chorioamnionitis, anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, and C4d, Joon Ho Lee, Roberto Romero, Yi Xu, Jung Sun Kim, Vanessa Topping, Wonsuk Yoo, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa, Sonia S. Hassan, Bo Hyun Yoon, and Chong Jai Kim

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Fastcloning: A Highly Simplified Purification-Free Sequence- And Ligation-Independent Pcr Cloning Method, Chaokun Li, Aiyun Wen, Benchang Shen, Jia Lu, Yao Huang, and Yongchang Chang

Role of adenosine in diabetic retinopathy, Gregory I. Liou, Saif Ahmad, Mohammad Naime, Nadeem Fatteh, and Ahmed S. Ibrahim

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Discovery Of Isoxazole Analogues Of Sazetidine-A As Selective α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonists For The Treatment Of Depression, Jianhua Liu, Li Fang Yu, J. Brek Eaton, Barbara Caldarone, Katie Cavino, Christina Ruiz, Matthew Terry, Allison Fedolak, Daguang Wang, Afshin Ghavami, David A. Lowe, Dani Brunner, Ronald J. Lukas, and Alan P. Kozikowski

Harmine, a natural beta-carboline alkaloid, upregulates astroglial glutamate transporter expression, Yun Li, Rita Sattler, Eun Ju Yang, Alice Nunes, Yoko Ayukawa, Sadia Akhtar, Grace Ji, Ping-Wu Zhang, and Jeffrey D. Rothstein

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The development of flexible lentiviral vectors for gene transfer in the CNS, Fredric P. Manfredsson and Ronald J. Mandel

Increased Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Protein Underlies Chronic Nicotine-Induced Up-Regulation Of Nicotinic Agonist Binding Sites In Mouse Brain, Michael J. Marks, Tristan D. McClure-Begley, Paul Whiteaker, Outi Salminen, Robert W.B. Brown, John Cooper, Allan C. Collins, and Jon M. Lindstrom

Methylene blue reduces aβ levels and rescues early cognitive deficit by increasing proteasome activity, David X. Medina, Antonella Caccamo, and Salvatore Oddo

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The Central Nervous System-Restricted Transcription Factor Olig2 Opposes p53 Responses to Genotoxic Damage in Neural Progenitors and Malignant Glioma, Shwetal Mehta, Emmanuelle Huillard, Santosh Kesari, Cecile L. Maire, Diane Golebiowski, Emily P. Harrington, John A. Alberta, Michael F. Kane, Matthew Theisen, Keith L. Ligon, David H. Rowitch, and Charles D. Stiles

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Association of early experience with neurodegeneration in aged primates, David A. Merrill, Eliezer Masliah, Jeffery A. Roberts, Heather McKay, Jeffery H. Kordower, Elliott J. Mufson, and Mark H. Tuszynski

Cpt-Camp Activates Human Epithelial Sodium Channels Via Relieving Self-Inhibition, Raul Molina, Dong Yun Han, Xue Feng Su, Run Zhen Zhao, Meimi Zhao, Gretta M. Sharp, Yongchang Chang, and Hong Long Ji

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Abrupt increase in rat carotid blood flow induces rapid alteration of artery mechanical properties, Kenneth L. Monson, Melissa M. Matsumoto, William L. Young, Geoffrey T. Manley, and Tomoki Hashimoto

TGF-β signaling in endothelial cells, but not neuroepithelial cells, is essential for cerebral vascular development, Ha Long Nguyen, Young Jae Lee, Jaekyung Shin, Eunji Lee, Sung Ok Park, Joseph H. McCarty, and S. Paul Oh

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A novel approach for long-term oral drug administration in animal research, Cassia R. Overk, Jeffrey A. Borgia, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Cholinotrophic basal forebrain system alterations in 3xTg-AD transgenic mice, Sylvia E. Perez, Bin He, Nadeem Muhammad, Kwang Jin Oh, Margaret Fahnestock, Milos D. Ikonomovic, and Elliott J. Mufson

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NF-κB signaling in skeletal muscle health and disease, Jennifer M. Peterson, Nadine Bakkar, and Denis C. Guttridge

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Phenotypic heterogeneity of the GRN Asp22fs mutation in a large Italian kindred, Anna M. Pietroboni, Giorgio G. Fumagalli, Laura Ghezzi, Chiara Fenoglio, Francesca Cortini, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Emanuela Rotondo, Priscilla Corti, Miryam Carecchio, Mariateresa Bassi, Nereo Bresolin, Domenico Galbiati, Daniela Galimberti, and Elio Scarpini

Mislocalization and degradation of human P23H-rhodopsin-GFP in a knockin mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, Brandee A. Price, Ivette M. Sandoval, Fung Chan, David L. Simons, Samuel M. Wu, Theodore G. Wensel, and John H. Wilson

Autism spectrum disorders are associated with an elevated autoantibody response to tissue transglutaminase-2, Allen Rosenspire, Wonsuk Yoo, Sherri Menard, and Anthony R. Torres