The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2015

Valproic acid treatment after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, Michael K. Tso, Elliot Lass, Jinglu Ai, and R. Loch Macdonald

Mouse models of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: Recent advances and future challenges, Simon Tual-Chalot, S. Paul Oh, and Helen M. Arthur

Chemical exchange in knee cartilage assessed by R1ρ (1/T1ρ) dispersion at 3T., Ping Wang, Jake Block, and John C Gore

Effects of flip angle uncertainty and noise on the accuracy of DCE-MRI metrics: comparison between standard concentration-based and signal difference methods., Ping Wang, Yiqun Xue, Xia Zhao, Jiangsheng Yu, Mark Rosen, and Hee Kwon Song

Evidence for a neuroprotective microRNA pathway in amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Rebecca B. Weinberg, Elliott J. Mufson, and Scott E. Counts

ESCAPE Trial Supports Rapid Endovascular Thrombectomy in the Management of Large-Vessel Acute Ischemic Stroke, Gregory M. Weiner and Andrew F. Ducruet

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity promotes neuronal survival in stroke with or without ischemic postconditioning, Gregory M. Weiner and Andrew F. Ducruet

The use of nanotechnology to improve the neuroprotective effects of adenosine in stroke and spinal cord injury, Gregory M. Weiner, Amir H. Faraji, and Andrew F. Ducruet

Radioprotection of the brain white matter by Mn(III) n-Butoxyethylpyridylporphyrin-based superoxide dismutase mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, Douglas H. Weitzel, Artak Tovmasyan, Kathleen A. Ashcraft, Zrinka Rajic, Tin Weitner, Chunlei Liu, Wei Li, Anne F. Buckley, Mark R. Prasad, Kenneth H. Young, Ramona M. Rodriguiz, William C. Wetsel, Katherine B. Peters, Ivan Spasojevic, James E. Herndon, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Mark W. Dewhirst

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Mechanisms Of Intrinsic Epileptogenesis In Human Gelastic Seizures With Hypothalamic Hamartoma, Jie Wu, Ming Gao, Jian Xin Shen, Shen Feng Qiu, and John F. Kerrigan

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Toxic Oligomeric Alpha-Synuclein Variants Present In Human Parkinson’S Disease Brains Are Differentially Generated In Mammalian Cell Models, Wei Xin, Sharareh Emadi, Stephanie Williams, Qiang Liu, Philip Schulz, Ping He, Now Bahar Alam, Jie Wu, and Michael R. Sierks

Therapeutically targeting tumor necrosis factor-α/ sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling corrects myogenic reactivity in subarachnoid hemorrhage, Kenji Yagi, Darcy Lidington, Hoyee Wan, Jessica C. Fares, Anja Meissner, Manabu Sumiyoshi, Jinglu Ai, Warren D. Foltz, Sergei A. Nedospasov, Stefan Offermanns, Shinji Nagahiro, R. Loch Macdonald, and Steffen Sebastian Bolz

The Coupling Interface And Pore Domain Codetermine The Single-Channel Activity Of The α7 Nicotinic Receptor, Hongxia Yan, Na Pan, Fenqin Xue, Yan Zheng, Chaokun Li, Yongchang Chang, Zhiqing Xu, Hui Yang, and Jianliang Zhang

Evaluation of genetic risk scores for prediction of dichotomous outcomes, Wonsuk Yoo, Selina A. Smith, and Steven S. Coughlin

The C9orf72 repeat expansion disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport, Ke Zhang, Christopher J. Donnelly, Aaron R. Haeusler, Jonathan C. Grima, James B. Machamer, Peter Steinwald, Elizabeth L. Daley, Sean J. Miller, Kathleen M. Cunningham, Svetlana Vidensky, Saksham Gupta, Michael A. Thomas, Ingie Hong, Shu-Ling Chiu, Richard L. Huganir, Lyle W. Ostrow, Michael J. Matunis, Jiou Wang, Rita Sattler, Thomas E. Lloyd, and Jeffrey D. Rothstein

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Functional Impact Of 14 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Causing Missense Mutations Of Human α7 Nicotinic Receptor, Qinhui Zhang, Yingjie Du, Jianliang Zhang, Xiaojun Xu, Fenqin Xue, Cong Guo, Yao Huang, Ronald J. Lukas, and Yongchang Chang

Combination Of The Immune Modulator Fingolimod With Alteplase In Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Trial, Zilong Zhu, Ying Fu, Decai Tian, Na Sun, Wei Han, Guoqiang Chang, Yinhua Dong, Xiaolin Xu, Qiang Liu, Deren Huang, and Fu Dong Shi

Submissions from 2014

Mutant disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 in astrocytes: focus on glutamate metabolism, Sofya Abazyan, Eun Ju Yang, Bagrat Abazyan, Meng Xia, Chunxia Yang, Camilo Rojas, Barbara Slusher, Rita Sattler, and Mikhail Pletnikov

Inhibition of adenosine kinase attenuates inflammation and neurotoxicity in traumatic optic neuropathy, Saif Ahmad, Nehal M. Elsherbiny, Kanchan Bhatia, Ahmed M. Elsherbini, Sadanand Fulzele, and Gregory I. Liou

Sesamin attenuates neurotoxicity in mouse model of ischemic brain stroke, Saif Ahmad, Nehal M. Elsherbiny, Rizwanul Haque, M. Badruzzaman Khan, Tauheed Ishrat, Zahoor A. Shah, Mohammad M. Khan, Mehboob Ali, Arshad Jamal, Deepshikha Pande Katare, Gregory I. Liou, and Kanchan Bhatia

Habb-e-Asgand, polyherbal Unani formulation, protects liver and antioxidative enzymes against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, Mehboob Ali, Sagheer Ahmed Khan, Peter S. Chang, Rizwanul Haque, Kanchan Bhatia, and Saif Ahmad

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Maternal choline supplementation improves spatial mapping and increases basal forebrain cholinergic neuron number and size in aged Ts65Dn mice, Jessica A. Ash, Ramon Velazquez, Christy M. Kelley, Brian E. Powers, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Elliott J. Mufson, and Barbara J. Strupp

Radiographic assessment of thoracolumbar fractures based on axial zones, Ali A. Baaj, Brian R. Gantwerker, Nicholas Theodore, Juan S. Uribe, Fernando L. Vale, Neil R. Crawford, and Volker K.H. Sonntag

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SOD therapeutics: latest insights into their structure-activity relationships and impact on the cellular redox-based signaling pathways, Ines Batinic-Haberle, Artak Tovmasyan, Emily R.H. Roberts, Zeljko Vujaskovic, Kam W. Leong, and Ivan Spasojevic

ALSUntangled no. 26: Lunasin, Richard Bedlack, Colin Quinn, Chafic Karam, Alex Sherman, Lyle Ostrow, Orla Hardiman, Terry Heiman-Patterson, Laurie Gutmann, Mark Bromberg, Gregory Carter, Edor Kabashi, Tulio Bertorini, Tahseen Mozaffar, Peter Andersen, Jeff Dietz, Josep Gamez, Mazen Dimachkie, Yunxia Wang, Paul Wicks, James Heywood, Steven Novella, L. P. Rowland, Erik Pioro, Lisa Kinsley, Kathy Mitchell, Jonathan Glass, Sith Sathornsumetee, Hubert Kwiecinski, Jon Baker, Nazem Atassi, and Dallas Forshew

Platelet-mediated changes to neuronal glutamate receptor expression at sites of microthrombosis following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: Laboratory investigation, Joshua D. Bell, Theresa Currier Thomas, Elliot Lass, Jinglu Ai, Hoyee Wan, Jonathan Lifshitz, Andrew J. Baker, and R. Loch MacDonald

Endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction alters cerebral gene expression in iron homeostasis and eicosanoid metabolism, Justin S. Bickford, Narjis F. Ali, Jerelyn A. Nick, Musab Al-Yahia, Dawn E. Beachy, Sylvain Doré, Harry S. Nick, and Michael F. Waters

ALSUntangled no. 23: the Rife machine and retroviruses., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 24: Vitamin D., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled no. 25: ursodiol., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

Vagus nerve stimulation in ischemic stroke: old wine in a new bottle, Peter Y. Cai, Aakash Bodhit, Roselle Derequito, Saeed Ansari, Fawzi Abukhalil, Spandana Thenkabail, Sarah Ganji, Pradeepan Saravanapavan, Chandana C. Shekar, Sharatchandra Bidari, Michael F. Waters, and Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna

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Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimic, MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, and non-SOD mimic, MnTBAP3-, suppressed rat spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury via NF-κB pathways, T. Celic, J. Španjol, M. Bobinac, A. Tovmasyan, I. Vukelic, J. S. Reboucas, I. Batinic-Haberle, and D. Bobinac

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Collaborative approach in the development of high-performance brain-computer interfaces for a neuroprosthetic arm: translation from animal models to human control, Jennifer L. Collinger, Michael A. Kryger, Richard Barbara, Timothy Betler, Kristen Bowsher, Elke H. Brown, Samuel T. Clanton, Alan D. Degenhart, Stephen T. Foldes, Robert A. Gaunt, Ferenc E. Gyulai, Elizabeth A. Harchick, Deborah Harrington, John B. Helder, Timothy Hemmes, Matthew S. Johannes, Kapil D. Katyal, Geoffrey S. Ling, Angus J. McMorland, Karina Palko, Matthew P. Para, Janet Scheuermann, Andrew B. Schwartz, Elizabeth R. Skidmore, Florian Solzbacher, Anita V. Srikameswaran, Dennis P. Swanson, Scott Swetz, Elizabeth C. Tyler-Kabara, Meel Velliste, Wei Wang, and Douglas J. Weber

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Synaptic gene dysregulation within hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in mild cognitive impairment, Scott E. Counts, Melissa J. Alldred, Shaoli Che, Stephen D. Ginsberg, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Intravenous immunoglobulin reduces tau pathology and preserves neuroplastic gene expression in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, Scott E. Counts, Sylvia E. Perez, Bin He, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment exerts antioxidant and neuropreservatory effects in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease, Scott E. Counts, Balmiki Ray, Elliott J. Mufson, Sylvia E. Perez, Bin He, and Debomoy K. Lahiri

Futsch/Map1B Mrna Is A Translational Target Of Tdp-43 And Is Neuroprotective In A Drosophila Model Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alyssa N. Coyne, Bhavani Bagevalu Siddegowda, Patricia S. Estes, Jeffrey Johannesmeyer, Tina Kovalik, Scott G. Daniel, Antony Pearson, Robert Bowser, and Daniela C. Zarnescu

Endovascular advances for brain arteriovenous malformations, R Webster Crowley, Andrew F. Ducruet, Cameron G. McDougall, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

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Roles For N-Terminal Extracellular Domains Of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Nachr) β3 Subunits In Enhanced Functional Expression Of Mouse α6β2β3- And α6β4β3-Nachrs, Bhagirathi Dash, Ming D. Li, and Ronald J. Lukas

A Signal Peptide Missense Mutation Associated With Nicotine Dependence Alters α2*-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function, Bhagirathi Dash, Ronald J. Lukas, and Ming D. Li

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Aberrant RNA homeostasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: potential for new therapeutic targets?, Christopher J. Donnelly, Jonathan C. Grima, and Rita Sattler

Long-term patency of venous sinus stents for idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Andrew F. Ducruet, R Webster Crowley, Cameron G. McDougall, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

The Unique α4(1)/(2)α4 Agonist Binding Site In (α4)3(β2)2 Subtype Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Permits Differential Agonist Desensitization Pharmacology Versus The (α4)2(β2)3 Subtypes, J. Brek Eaton, Linda M. Lucero, Harrison Stratton, Yongchang Chang, John F. Cooper, Jon M. Lindstrom, Ronald J. Lukas, and Paul Whiteaker

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Mn porphyrin in combination with ascorbate acts as a pro-oxidant and mediates caspase-independent cancer cell death, Myron K. Evans, Artak Tovmasyan, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Gayathri R. Devi

Volume curtaining: A focus+context effect for multimodal volume visualization, Adam J. Fairfield, Jonathan Plasencia, Yun Jang, Nicholas Theodore, Neil R. Crawford, David H. Frakes, and Ross Maciejewski

Impact Of An Immune Modulator Fingolimod On Acute Ischemic Stroke, Ying Fu, Ningnannan Zhang, Li Ren, Yaping Yan, Na Sun, Yu Jing Li, Wei Han, Rong Xue, Qiang Liu, Junwei Hao, Chunshui Yu, and Fu Dong Shi

KCNC3(R420H), a K(+) channel mutation causative in spinocerebellar ataxia 13 displays aberrant intracellular trafficking, Carolina Gallego-Iradi, Justin S. Bickford, Swati Khare, Alexis Hall, Jerelyn A. Nick, Donya Salmasinia, Kolja Wawrowsky, Serguei Bannykh, Duong P. Huynh, Diego E. Rincon-Limas, Stefan M. Pulst, Harry S. Nick, Pedro Fernandez-Funez, and Michael F. Waters

Ischemic Neurons Recruit Natural Killer Cells That Accelerate Brain Infarction, Yan Gan, Qiang Liu, Wei Wu, Jun Xiang Yin, Xue Feng Bai, Rulong Shen, Yongjun Wang, Jieli Chen, Antonio La Cava, Jennifer Poursine-Laurent, Wayne Yokoyama, and Fu Dong Shi

Common and distinctive pathogenetic features of arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 1 and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 2 animal models - Brief report, Eva M. Garrido-Martin, Ha Long Nguyen, Tyler A. Cunningham, Se Woon Choe, Zhihua Jiang, Helen M. Arthur, Young Jae Lee, and S. Paul Oh

Robust rat pulmonary radioprotection by a lipophilic Mn N-alkylpyridylporphyrin, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+), Benjamin Gauter-Fleckenstein, Julio S. Reboucas, Katharina Fleckenstein, Artak Tovmasyan, Kouros Owzar, Chen Jiang, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Zeljko Vujaskovic

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Neuroprotective potential of pleiotrophin overexpression in the striatonigral pathway compared with overexpression in both the striatonigral and nigrostriatal pathways, S. E. Gombash, F. P. Manfredsson, R. J. Mandel, T. J. Collier, D. L. Fischer, C. J. Kemp, N. M. Kuhn, S. L. Wohlgenant, S. M. Fleming, and C. E. Sortwell

Talonavicular joint fixation: a biomechanical comparison of locking compression plates and lag screws., Jaymes D Granata, Gregory C Berlet, Rahul Ghotge, Yuan Li, Brian Kelly, and Denis DiAngelo

C9orf72 nucleotide repeat structures initiate molecular cascades of disease, Aaron R. Haeusler, Christopher J. Donnelly, Goran Periz, Eric A. Simko, Patrick G. Shaw, Min-Sik Kim, Nicholas J. Maragakis, Juan C. Troncoso, Akhilesh Pandey, Rita Sattler, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, and Jiou Wang

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U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) aggregate in Alzheimer's disease due to autosomal dominant genetic mutations and trisomy 21, Chadwick M. Hales, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Eric B. Dammer, Duc Duong, Hong Yi, Marla Gearing, Juan C. Troncoso, Elliott J. Mufson, Madhav Thambisetty, Allan I. Levey, and James J. Lah

VEGF neutralization can prevent and normalize arteriovenous malformations in an animal model for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 2, Chul Han, Se Woon Choe, Yong Hwan Kim, Abhinav P. Acharya, Benjamin G. Keselowsky, Brian S. Sorg, Young Jae Lee, and S. Paul Oh

Molecular alterations in the hippocampus after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, Sang Myung Han, Hoyee Wan, Gen Kudo, Warren D. Foltz, Douglass C. Vines, David E. Green, Tommaso Zoerle, Asma Tariq, Shakira Brathwaite, Josephine D'Abbondanza, Jinglu Ai, and R. Loch Macdonald

Intracranial hypotension masquerading as nonconvulsive status epilepticus: report of 3 cases, Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna, Abhay Kumar, Bayard Miller, Sharathchandra Bidari, Arash Salardini, Michael F. Waters, Maria Hella, Edward Valenstein, and Stephan Eisenschenk

Congo Red Modulates Ach-Induced Ca2+ Oscillations In Single Pancreatic Acinar Cells Of Mice, Ze Bing Huang, Hai Yan Wang, Na Na Sun, Jing Ke Wang, Meng Qin Zhao, Jian Xin Shen, Ming Gao, Ronald P. Hammer, Xue Gong Fan, and Jie Wu

Bone morphogenetic protein 2: A potential new player in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, Khaled A. Hussein, Karishma Choksi, Sara Akeel, Saif Ahmad, Sylvia Megyerdi, Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Mohamed Nawaz, Ahmed Abu El-Asrar, and Mohamed Al-Shabrawey

Mutations In The Matrin 3 Gene Cause Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Janel O. Johnson, Erik P. Pioro, Ashley Boehringer, Ruth Chia, Howard Feit, Alan E. Renton, Hannah A. Pliner, Yevgeniya Abramzon, Giuseppe Marangi, Brett J. Winborn, J. Raphael Gibbs, Michael A. Nalls, Sarah Morgan, Maryam Shoai, John Hardy, Alan Pittman, Richard W. Orrell, Andrea Malaspina, Katie C. Sidle, Pietro Fratta, Matthew B. Harms, Robert H. Baloh, Alan Pestronk, Conrad C. Weihl, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Lorne Zinman, Vivian E. Drory, Giuseppe Borghero, Gabriele Mora, Andrea Calvo, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Carsten Drepper, Michael Sendtner, Andrew B. Singleton, J. Paul Taylor, Mark R. Cookson, Gabriella Restagno, Mario Sabatelli, Robert Bowser, Adriano Chio, Bryan J. Traynor, Cristina Moglia, Stefania Cammarosano, Antonio Canosa, Sara Gallo, Maura Brunetti, Irene Ossola, Kalliopi Marinou, Laura Papetti, and Fabrizio Pisano

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Manganese-based superoxide dismutase mimics modify both acute and long-term outcome severity in a Drosophila melanogaster model of classic galactosemia, Patricia P. Jumbo-Lucioni, Emily L. Ryan, Marquise L. Hopson, Heather M. Bishop, Tin Weitner, Artak Tovmasyan, Ivan Spasojevic, Ines Batinic-Haberle, Yongliang Liang, Dean P. Jones, and Judith L. Fridovich-Keil

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Maternal choline supplementation differentially alters the basal forebrain cholinergic system of young-adult Ts65Dn and disomic mice, Christy M. Kelley, Brian E. Powers, Ramon Velazquez, Jessica A. Ash, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Barbara J. Strupp, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Sex differences in the cholinergic basal forebrain in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease, Christy M. Kelley, Brian E. Powers, Ramon Velazquez, Jessica A. Ash, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Barbara J. Strupp, and Elliott J. Mufson

Bacopa monniera ameliorates cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration induced by intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin in rat: behavioral, biochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological evidences, M. Badruzzaman Khan, Muzamil Ahmad, Saif Ahmad, Tauheed Ishrat, Kumar Vaibhav, Gulrana Khuwaja, and Fakhrul Islam

Race and income disparity in ischemic stroke care: nationwide inpatient sample database, 2002 to 2008, Matthew M. Kimball, Dan Neal, Michael F. Waters, and Brian L. Hoh

A novel spatiotemporal analysis of peri-ictal spiking to probe the relation of spikes and seizures in epilepsy, Balu Krishnan, Ioannis Vlachos, Aaron Faith, Steven Mullane, Korwyn Williams, Andreas Alexopoulos, and Leonidas Iasemidis

Bilirubin and its oxidation products damage brain white matter, Katarina Lakovic, Jinglu Ai, Josephine D'Abbondanza, Asma Tariq, Mohammed Sabri, Abdullah K. Alarfaj, Punarjot Vasdev, and Robert Loch MacDonald

Plasma Metabolomic Biomarker Panel To Distinguish Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis From Disease Mimics, Kay A. Lawton, Meredith V. Brown, Danny Alexander, Zhen Li, Jacob E. Wulff, Robert Lawson, Matt Jaffa, Mike V. Milburn, John A. Ryals, Robert Bowser, Merit E. Cudkowicz, and James D. Berry

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Differential localization and potency of manganese porphyrin superoxide dismutase-mimicking compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Alice Ma Li, Jake Martins, Artak Tovmasyan, Joan S. Valentine, Ines Batinic-Haberle, Ivan Spasojevic, and Edith B. Gralla

Evaluation of a minimally invasive procedure for sacroiliac joint fusion - An in vitro biomechanical analysis of initial and cycled properties, Derek P. Lindsey, Luis Perez-Orribo, Nestor Rodriguez-Martinez, Phillip M. Reyes, Anna Newcomb, Alexandria Cable, Grace Hickam, Scott A. Yerby, and Neil R. Crawford

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Interleukin-17 Inhibits Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Qiang Liu, Wei Xin, Ping He, Dharshaun Turner, Junxiang Yin, Yan Gan, Fu Dong Shi, and Jie Wu

Genetic Deficiency Of β2-Containing Nicotinic Receptors Attenuates Brain Injury In Ischemic Stroke, Q. Liu, Z. Tang, Y. Gan, W. Wu, A. Kousari, A. La Cava, and F. D. Shi

A Novel α4/7-Conotoxin Lvia From Conus Lividus That Selectively Blocks α3β2 Vs. α6/α3β2β3 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Sulan Luo, Dongting Zhangsun, Christina I. Schroeder, Xiaopeng Zhu, Yuanyan Hu, Yong Wu, Maegan M. Weltzin, Spencer Eberhard, Quentin Kaas, David J. Craik, J. Michael McIntosh, and Paul Whiteaker

Novel Death Defying Domain In Met Entraps The Active Site Of Caspase-3 And Blocks Apoptosis In Hepatocytes, Jihong Ma, Chunbin Zou, Lida Guo, Danushka S. Seneviratne, Xinping Tan, Yong Kook Kwon, Jiyan An, Robert Bowser, Marie C. Defrances, and Reza Zarnegar

Environmental and occupational risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case-control study, Angela M. Malek, Aaron Barchowsky, Robert Bowser, Terry Heiman-Patterson, David Lacomis, Sandeep Rana, Ada Youk, David Stickler, Daniel T. Lackland, and Evelyn O. Talbott

Instrumentation of the posterior thoracolumbar Spine: From wires to pedicle screws, Devika Malhotra, Samuel Kalb, Nestor Rodriguez-Martinez, Derek D. Hem, Luis Perez-Orribo, Neil R. Crawford, and Volker K.H. Sonntag

Deficits Of Synaptic Functions In Hippocampal Slices Prepared From Aged Mice Null α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Luyao Ma, Dharshaun Turner, Junfang Zhang, Qingwen Wang, Michele Wang, Jianxing Shen, Shijiang Zhang, and Jie Wu

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Electrophysiological Phenotypes Of Mecp2 A140V Mutant Mouse Model, Lu Yao Ma, Chen Wu, Yu Jin, Ming Gao, Guo Hui Li, Dharshaun Turner, Jian Xin Shen, Shi Jiang Zhang, Vinodh Narayanan, Garilyn Jentarra, and Jie Wu

α6β2*-Subtype Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Are More Sensitive Than α4β2*-Subtype Receptors To Regulation By Chronic Nicotine Administration, Michael J. Marks, Sharon R. Grady, Outi Salminen, Miranda A. Paley, Charles R. Wageman, J. Michael McIntosh, and Paul Whiteaker

An amino terminal phosphorylation motif regulates intranuclear compartmentalization of Olig2 in neural progenitor cells, Dimphna H. Meijer, Yu Sun, Tao Liu, Michael F. Kane, John A. Alberta, Guillaume Adelmant, Robert Kupp, Jarrod A. Marto, David H. Rowitch, Yoshihiro Nakatani, Charles D. Stiles, and Shwetal Mehta

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Nitrite induces the extravasation of iron oxide nanoparticles in hypoxic tumor tissue, Nilesh Mistry, Ashley M. Stokes, James Van Gambrell, and Christopher Chad Quarles

Resolution of cranial neuropathies following treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device, Karam Moon, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Andrew F. Ducruet, R Webster Crowley, and Cameron G. McDougall

Treatment of ophthalmic segment carotid aneurysms using the pipeline embolization device: clinical and angiographic follow-up, Karam Moon, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Andrew F. Ducruet, R Webster Crowley, and Cameron G. McDougall

The Novel α7β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype Is Expressed In Mouse And Human Basal Forebrain: Biochemical And Pharmacological Characterization, Milena Moretti, Michele Zoli, Andrew A. George, Ronald J. Lukas, Francesco Pistillo, Uwe Maskos, Paul Whiteaker, and Cecilia Gotti

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Prefibrillar tau oligomers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, Elliott J. Mufson, Sarah Ward, and Lester Binder

Role of inflammatory markers in Takayasu arteritis disease monitoring, Timothy E. O'Connor, Haley E. Carpenter, Sharatchandra Bidari, Michael F. Waters, and Vishnumurthy Shushrutha Hedna

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Targeting mitochondria by Zn(II)NAlkylpyridylporphyrins: The impact of compound sub-mitochondrial partition on cell respiration and overall photodynamic efficacy, Ahmad M. Odeh, James D. Craik, Rima Ezzeddine, Artak Tovmasyan, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Ludmil T. Benov

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Enantiopure Cyclopropane-Bearing Pyridyldiazabicyclo[3.3.0]Octanes As Selective α4β2-Nachr Ligands, Oluseye K. Onajole, J. Brek Eaton, Ronald J. Lukas, Dani Brunner, Lucinda Thiede, Barbara J. Caldarone, and Alan P. Kozikowski

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Four-Dimensional Digital Subtraction Angiography: Implementation and Demonstration of Feasibility, Phillip V. Parry and Andrew F. Ducruet

Biomarker Time Out, Axel Petzold, Robert Bowser, Paolo Calabresi, Henrik Zetterberg, and Bernard M.J. Uitdehaag

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CoCl2-induced biochemical hypoxia down regulates activities and expression of super oxide dismutase and catalase in cerebral cortex of mice, Anupama Rani and S Prasad

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and cavernous malformations, Christian B. Ricks, Ramesh Grandhi, and Andrew F. Ducruet

Abrupt onset of mutations in a developmentally regulated gene during terminal differentiation of post-mitotic photoreceptor neurons in mice, Ivette M. Sandoval, Brandee A. Price, Alecia K. Gross, Fung Chan, Joshua D. Sammons, John H. Wilson, and Theodore G. Wensel

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Metalloporphyrins as therapeutic catalytic oxidoreductants in central nervous system disorders, Huaxin Sheng, Raphael E. Chaparro, Toshihiro Sasaki, Miwa Izutsu, Robert D. Pearlstein, Artak Tovmasyan, and David S. Warner

Evaluation Of A Multiple Spin- And Gradient-Echo (Sage) Epi Acquisition With Sense Acceleration: Applications For Perfusion Imaging In And Outside The Brain, Jack T. Skinner, Ryan K. Robison, Christopher P. Elder, Allen T. Newton, Bruce M. Damon, and C. Chad Quarles

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Assessment of a combined spin- and gradient-echo (SAGE) DSC-MRI method for preclinical neuroimaging, Ashley M. Stokes, Jack T. Skinner, and C. Chad Quarles

Interleukin-10 Producing-B Cells And Their Association With Responsiveness To Rituximab In Myasthenia Gravis, Feng Sun, Shafeeq S. Ladha, Li Yang, Qiang Liu, Samuel Xiang Yu, Ning Su, Roberto Bomprezzi, and Fu Dong Shi

Interleukin-7 Expression and its Effect on Natural Killer Cells in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Ning Su, Samuel X. Shi, Xiaodong Zhu, Aimee Borazanci, Fu-Dong Shi, and Yan Gan

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Roles of hypertension in the rupture of intracranial aneurysms, Yoshiteru Tada, Kosuke Wada, Kenji Shimada, Hiroshi Makino, Elena I. Liang, Shoko Murakami, Mari Kudo, Keiko T. Kitazato, Shinji Nagahiro, and Tomoki Hashimoto

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Estrogen protects against intracranial aneurysm rupture in ovariectomized mice, Yoshiteru Tada, Kosuke Wada, Kenji Shimada, Hiroshi Makino, Elena I. Liang, Shoko Murakami, Mari Kudo, Fumiaki Shikata, Ricardo A.Pena Silva, Keiko T. Kitazato, David M. Hasan, Yasuhisa Kanematsu, Shinji Nagahiro, and Tomoki Hashimoto