The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2010

Loss of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats, A. Tariq, J. Ai, G. Chen, M. Sabri, H. Jeon, X. Shang, and R. L. Macdonald

Characteristics And Organization Of Discharge Properties In Rat Hindlimb Motoneurons, Vladimir V. Turkin, Derek O'Neill, Ranu Jung, Alexandre Iarkov, and Thomas M. Hamm

Relationship of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with obesity and body composition in African Americans, Anna Liza B. Valiña-Tóth, Zongshan Lai, Wonsuk Yoo, Abdul Abou-Samra, Crystal A. Gadegbeku, and John M. Flack

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Candidate gene analysis of semaphorins in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Chiara Villa, Eliana Venturelli, Chiara Fenoglio, Milena De Riz, Diego Scalabrini, Francesca Cortini, Maria Serpente, Claudia Cantoni, Nereo Bresolin, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

Sex, aging, and preexisting cerebral ischemic disease in patients with aortic stenosis., Ping Wang, Michael A Acker, Michel Bilello, Elias R Melhem, Elizabeth Stambrook, Sarah J Ratcliffe, and Thomas F Floyd

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Spectral imaging reveals microvessel physiology and function from anastomoses to thromboses, Mamta Wankhede, Nikita Agarwal, Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva, Casey Dedeugd, Mohan K. Raizada, S. Paul Oh, and Brian S. Sorg

Cystatin C: A Candidate Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Meghan E. Wilson, Imene Boumaza, David Lacomis, and Robert Bowser

Tetrahydroberberine Blocks Atp-Sensitive Potassium Channels In Dopamine Neurons Acutely-Dissociated From Rat Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta, Chen Wu, Kechun Yang, Qiang Liu, Matoko Wakui, Guo zhang Jin, Xuechu Zhen, and Jie Wu

Double Target Concept For Smoking Cessation, Jie Wu

Epidemiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Brad E. Zacharia, Zachary L. Hickman, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Peter DeRosa, Ivan Kotchetkov, Andrew F. Ducruet, and E Sander Connolly

Dopamine D2-Receptor Activation Elicits Akinesia Rigidity Catalepsy And Tremor In Mice Expressing Hypersensitive α4 Nicotinic Receptors Via A Cholinergic-Dependent Mechanism, Rubing Zhao-Shea, Bruce N. Cohen, Herwig Just, Tristan McClure-Begley, Paul Whiteaker, Sharon R. Grady, Outi Salminen, Paul D. Gardner, Henry A. Lester, and Andrew R. Tapper

The Anticonvulsive Drug Lamotrigine Blocks Neuronal α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Chao Zheng, Kechun Yang, Qiang Liu, Meng Ya Wang, Jianxin Shen, A. Sofía Vallés, Ronald J. Lukas, Francisco J. Barrantes, and Jie Wu

Transgenic rat model of neurodegeneration caused by mutation in the TDP gene, Hongxia Zhou, Cao Huang, Han Chen, Dian Wang, Carlisle P. Landel, Pedro Yuxing Xia, Robert Bowser, Yong Jian Liu, and Xu Gang Xia

Submissions from 2009

Nonlinear Dynamical Analysis Of Carbachol Induced Hippocampal Oscillations In Mice, Metin Akay, Kui Wang, Yasemin M. Akay, Andrei Dragomir, and Jie Wu

History of cervical disc arthroplasty, Ali A. Baaj, Juans Uribe, Fernando L. Vale, Mark C. Preul, and Neil R. Crawford

PICK1-mediated GluR2 endocytosis contributes to cellular injury after neuronal trauma, J. D. Bell, E. Park, J. Ai, and A. J. Baker

ALSUntangled update 1: investigating a bug (Lyme Disease) and a drug (Iplex) on behalf of people with ALS., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled Update 2: investigating the Hickey Wellness Center., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

Applying proteomics to the diagnosis and treatment of ALS and related diseases, Robert Bowser and David Lacomis

Adenine nucleotide translocase 4 deficiency leads to early meiotic arrest of murine male germ cells, Jeffrey V. Brower, Ho Lim Chae, Marda Jorgensen, S. Paul Oh, and Naohiro Terada

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Increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity in mild cognitive impairment, Martin A. Bruno, Elliott J. Mufson, Joanne Wuu, and A. Claudio Cuello

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Progranulin plasma levels as potential biomarker for the identification of GRN deletion carriers. A case with atypical onset as clinical amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment converted to Alzheimer's disease, Miryam Carecchio, Chiara Fenoglio, Milena De Riz, Ilaria Guidi, Cristoforo Comi, Francesca Cortini, Eliana Venturelli, Ilaria Restelli, Claudia Cantoni, Nereo Bresolin, Francesco Monaco, Elio Scarpini, and Daniela Galimberti

Homeostasis of brain dynamics in epilepsy: a feedback control systems perspective of seizures, Niranjan Chakravarthy, Kostas Tsakalis, Shivkumar Sabesan, and Leon Iasemidis

Allosteric Activation Mechanism Of The Cys-Loop Receptors, Yong Chang, Wen Wu, Jian Liang Zhang, and Yao Huang

Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on JAK2/STAT3 pathway and endothelial apoptosis in the rabbit basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage, Gang Chen, Shiming Zhang, Jixin Shi, Jinglu Ai, and Chunhua Hang

Simvastatin reduces secondary brain injury caused by cortical contusion in rats: Possible involvement of TLR4/NF-κB pathway, Gang Chen, Shiming Zhang, Jixin Shi, Jinglu Ai, Meng Qi, and Chunhua Hang

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Neural transplants in patients with Huntington's disease undergo disease-like neuronal degeneration, F. Cicchetti, S. Saporta, R. A. Hauser, M. Parent, M. Saint-Pierre, P. R. Sanberg, X. J. Li, J. R. Parker, Y. Chu, E. J. Mufson, J. H. Kordower, and T. B. Freeman

Tobacco and estrogen metabolic polymorphisms and risk of non-small cell lung cancer in women, Michele L. Cote, Wonsuk Yoo, Angela S. Wenzlaff, Geoffrey M. Prysak, Susan K. Santer, Gina B. Claeys, Alison L. Van Dyke, Susan J. Land, and Ann G. Schwartz

Galanin fiber hyperinnervation preserves neuroprotective gene expression in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer's disease, Scott E. Counts, Bin He, Shaoli Che, Stephen D. Ginsberg, and Elliott J. Mufson

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The RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB specifically regulates cyclin D1 protein stability: Implications for cell cycle withdrawal and skeletal myogenesis, Jason M. Dahlman, Jingxin Wang, Nadine Bakkar, and Denis C. Guttridge

Radiographic and pathologic findings in an atypical brainstem variant of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, David A. Decker, Adam D. Falchook, Anthony T. Yachnis, and Michael F. Waters

Pharmacotherapy of cerebral ischemia, Andrew F. Ducruet, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Brad E. Zacharia, Zachary L. Hickman, Mason L. Yeh, and E Sander Connolly

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Endovascular occlusion of a ruptured transitional aneurysm associated with a developmental venous anomaly, Andrew F. Ducruet, Christopher P. Kellner, E. Sander Connolly, and Philip M. Meyers

The complement cascade as a therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage, Andrew F. Ducruet, Brad E. Zacharia, Zachary L. Hickman, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Mason L. Yeh, Sergey A. Sosunov, and E Sander Connolly

Optimisation and data mining techniques for the screening of epileptic patients, Ya-Ju Fan, Wanpracha A. Chaovalitwongse, Chang-Chia Liu, Rajesh C. Sachdeo, Leonidas Iasemidis, and Panos Pardalos

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Impaired terminal differentiation of hippocampal granule neurons and defective contextual memory in PC3/Tis21 knockout mice, Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli, Daniele Saraulli, Marco Costanzi, Luca Leonardi, Irene Cinà, Laura Micheli, Michele Nutini, Patrizia Longone, S. Paul Oh, Vincenzo Cestari, and Felice Tirone

Evidence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a therapeutic target for the prevention of pulmonary hypertension, Anderson J. Ferreira, Vinayak Shenoy, Yoriko Yamazato, Srinivas Sriramula, Joseph Francis, Lihui Yuan, Ronald K. Castellano, David A. Ostrov, Suk Paul Oh, Michael J. Katovich, and Mohan K. Raizada

Preoperative antiepileptic drug administration and the incidence of postoperative seizures following bur hole-treated chronic subdural hematoma, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Andrew F. Ducruet, Brad E. Zacharia, Zachary L. Hickman, Kristen N. Andersen, Eric Sussman, Austin Carpenter, and E Sander Connolly

Neuronal RAGE expression modulates severity of injury following transient focal cerebral ischemia, Benjamin G. Hassid, M Nathan Nair, Andrew F. Ducruet, Marc L. Otten, Ricardo J. Komotar, David J. Pinsky, Ann Marie Schmidt, Shi Fang Yan, and E Sander Connolly

Decreased mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in lumbar spinal cords of patients with ALS, J. S. Henkel, D. R. Beers, S. Wen, R. Bowser, and S. H. Appel

A Novel Fluorescent α-Conotoxin For The Study Of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Arik J. Hone, Paul Whiteaker, Sean Christensen, Yingxian Xiao, Erin L. Meyer, and J. Michael McIntosh

Biomechanics of C-7 transfacet screw fixation: Laboratory investigation, Eric M. Horn, Phillip M. Reyes, Seungwon Baek, Mehmet Senoglu, Nicholas Theodore, Volker K.H. Sonntag, and Neil R. Crawford

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Cortical α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and β-amyloid levels in early Alzheimer disease, Milos D. Ikonomovic, Lynn Wecker, Eric E. Abrahamson, Joanne Wuu, Scott E. Counts, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Elliott J. Mufson, and Steven T. DeKosky

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Optimized, unequal pulse spacing in multiple echo sequences improves refocusing in magnetic resonance, Elizabeth R. Jenista, Ashley M. Stokes, Rosa Tamara Branca, and Warren S. Warren

Neurological and neurobehavioral assessment of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, Hyojin Jeon, Jinglu Ai, Mohamed Sabri, Asma Tariq, Xueyuan Shang, Gang Chen, and R. Loch Macdonald

Altered subcellular distribution of c-Abl in alzheimer's disease, Zheng Jing, John Caltagarone, and Robert Bowser

Mechanism-based clustering of genome-wide RNA levels: Roles of transcription and transcript-degradation rates, Sungchul Ji, W. Art Chaovalitwongse, Nina Fefferman, Wonsuk Yoo, and Jose E. Perez-Ortin

Boosting enrollment in neurology trials with Local Identification and Outreach Networks (LIONs)., W N Kernan, C M Viscoli, D Demarco, B Mendes, K Shrauger, J L Schindler, J C McVeety, A Sicklick, D Moalli, P Greco, D M Bravata, S Eisen, L Resor, K Sena, D Story, L M Brass, K L Furie, L Gutmann, E Hinnau, M Gorman, A M Lovejoy, S E Inzucchi, L H Young, and R I Horwitz

Widespread microbial invasion of the chorioamniotic membranes is a consequence and not a cause of intra-amniotic infection, Mi Jeong Kim, Roberto Romero, Maria Teresa Gervasi, Jung Sun Kim, Wonsuk Yoo, Deug Chan Lee, Pooja Mittal, Offer Erez, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Sonia S. Hassan, and Chong Jai Kim

The complement cascade: new avenues in stroke therapy, Ricardo J. Komotar, Robert M. Starke, Eric J. Arias, Matthew C. Garrett, Marc L. Otten, Maxwell B. Merkow, Benjamin Hassid, J Mocco, Michael E. Sughrue, Grace H. Kim, William J. Mack, Andrew F. Ducruet, and E Sander Connolly

Requirement Of Aqp4 For Antidepressive Efficiency Of Fluoxetine: Implication In Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Hui Kong, Luo Lin Sha, Yi Fan, Ming Xiao, Jian Hua Ding, Jie Wu, and Gang Hu

Chemistry And Pharmacology Of Nicotinic Ligands Based On 6-[5-(Azetidin-2-Ylmethoxy)Pyridin-3-Yl]Hex-5-Yn-1-Ol (Amop-H-Oh) For Possible Use In Depression, Alan P. Kozikowski, J. Brek Eaton, Krishna Mohan Bajjuri, Sheela K. Chellappan, Yihua Chen, Sudhakar Karadi, Rong He, Barbara Caldarone, Michael Manzano, Po Wai Yuen, and Ronald J. Lukas

Subventricular Zone Neural Progenitors From Rapid Brain Autopsies Of Elderly Subjects With And Without Neurodegenerative Disease, Brian W. Leonard, Diego Mastroeni, Andrew Grover, Qiang Liu, Kechun Yang, Ming Gao, Jie Wu, David Pootrakul, Simone A. van, Elly M. Hol, and Joseph Rogers

Anatomical and biomechanical analyses of the unique and consistent locations of sacral insufficiency fractures, Nathan J. Linstrom, Joseph E. Heiserman, Keith E. Kortman, Neil R. Crawford, Seungwon Baek, Russell L. Anderson, Alan M. Pitt, John P. Karis, Jeff S. Ross, Gregory P. Lekovic, and Bruce L. Dean

A Novel Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtype In Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons With High Sensitivity To Amyloid Peptides, Qiang Liu, Yao Huang, Fenqin Xue, Alain Simard, Jamie DeChon, Guohui Li, Jianliang Zhang, Linda Lucero, Min Wang, Michael Sierks, Gang Hu, Yongchang Chang, Ronald J. Lukas, and Jie Wu

Knowledge-based variable selection for learning rules from proteomic data, Jonathan L. Lustgarten, Shyam Visweswaran, Robert P. Bowser, William R. Hogan, and Vanathi Gopalakrishnan

Intraoperative magnesium infusion during carotid endarterectomy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, William J. Mack, Christopher P. Kellner, Daniel H. Sahlein, Andrew F. Ducruet, Grace H. Kim, J Mocco, Joseph Zurica, Ricardo J. Komotar, Raqeeb Haque, Robert Sciacca, Donald O. Quest, Robert A. Solomon, E Sander Connolly, and Eric J. Heyer

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Tight long-term dynamic doxycycline responsive nigrostriatal GDNF using a single rAAV vector, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Corinna Burger, Aaron C. Rising, Kheir Zuobi-Hasona, Layla F. Sullivan, Alfred S. Lewin, Julia Huang, Emily Piercefield, Nicholas Muzyczka, and Ronald J. Mandel

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Gene therapy for neurological disorders: Challenges and future prospects for the use of growth factors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Michael S. Okun, and Ronald J. Mandel

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AAV9: A potential blood-brain barrier buster, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Aaron C. Rising, and Ronald J. Mandel

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Nigrostriatal rAAV-mediated GDNF overexpression induces robust weight loss in a rat model of age-related obesity, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Nihal Tumer, Benedek Erdos, Tessa Landa, Christopher S. Broxson, Layla F. Sullivan, Aaron C. Rising, Kevin D. Foust, Yi Zhang, Nicholas Muzyczka, Oleg S. Gorbatyuk, Philip J. Scarpace, and Ronald J. Mandel

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α7 Subunits With A C2 Cytoplasmic Loop Yellow Fluorescent Protein Insertion Form Functional Receptors, Teresa A. Murray, Qiang Liu, Paul Whiteaker, Jie Wu, and Ronald J. Lukas

An investigation of EEG dynamics in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy using the maximum Lyapunov exponent, Sandeep P. Nair, Deng-Shan Shiau, Jose C. Principe, Leonidas D. Iasemidis, Panos M. Pardalos, Wendy M. Norman, Paul R. Carney, Kevin M. Kelly, and J Chris Sackellares

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Roles of macrophages in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling, Yoshitsugu Nuki, Melissa M. Matsumoto, Eric Tsang, William L. Young, Nico van Rooijen, Chie Kurihara, and Tomoki Hashimoto

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Elastase-induced intracranial aneurysms in hypertensive mice, Yoshitsugu Nuki, Tsung Ling Tsou, Chie Kurihara, Miyuki Kanematsu, Yasuhisa Kanematsu, and Tomoki Hashimoto

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Roles of matrix metalloproteinases in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling, Ryo Ota, Chie Kurihara, Tsung-Ling Tsou, William L. Young, Yerem Yeghiazarians, Mayland Chang, Shahriar Mobashery, Atsuhiro Sakamoto, and Tomoki Hashimoto

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Brainstem Alzheimer's-like pathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, Cassia R. Overk, Christy M. Kelley, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Striatal readministration of rAAV vectors reveals an immune response against AAV2 capsids that can be circumvented, Carmen S. Peden, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Sharon K. Reimsnider, Amy E. Poirier, Corinna Burger, Nicholas Muzyczka, and Ronald J. Mandel

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Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor depends on amyloid aggregation state in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, Shiyong Peng, Diego J. Garzon, Monica Marchese, William Klein, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Beverly M. Francis, Howard T.J. Mount, Elliott J. Mufson, Ahmad Salehi, and Margaret Fahnestock

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β-amyloid deposition and functional impairment in the retina of the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, Sylvia E. Perez, Stephen Lumayag, Beatrix Kovacs, Elliott J. Mufson, and Shunbin Xu

Nicotine And Inflammatory Neurological Disorders, Wen Hua Piao, Denise Campagnolo, Carlos Dayao, Ronald J. Lukas, Jie Wu, and Fu Dong Shi

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The Arp2/3 complex and WASp are required for apical trafficking of Delta into microvilli during cell fate specification of sensory organ precursors, Akhila Rajan, An Chi Tien, Claire M. Haueter, Karen L. Schulze, and Hugo J. Bellen

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation with ligamentous disruption: A blomechanical comparison of current fusion methods, Rogério Rocha, Anna G.U. Sawa, Seungwon Baek, Sam Safavi-Abbasi, Fadimatou Hattendorf, Volker K.H. Sonntag, and Neil R. Crawford

C3a receptor antagonist attenuates brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage, Michal A. Rynkowski, Grace H. Kim, Matthew C. Garrett, Brad E. Zacharia, Marc L. Otten, Sergei A. Sosunov, Ricardo J. Komotar, Benjamin G. Hassid, Andrew F. Ducruet, John D. Lambris, and E Sander Connolly

Measuring resetting of brain dynamics at epileptic seizures: application of global optimization and spatial synchronization techniques, Shivkumar Sabesan, Niranjan Chakravarthy, Kostas Tsakalis, Panos Pardalos, and Leon Iasemidis

Anterior circulation mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage, Mohammed Sabri, Hyojin Jeon, Jinglu Ai, Asma Tariq, Xueyuan Shang, Gang Chen, and R. Loch Macdonald

Hydrogen Peroxide Mobilizes Ca2+ Through Two Distinct Mechanisms In Rat Hepatocytes, Hirohiko Sato, Teruko Takeo, Qiang Liu, Kyoko Nakano, Tomohiro Osanai, Sechiko Suga, Makoto Wakui, and Jie Wu

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Advances in the application of technology to epilepsy: The CIMIT/NIO epilepsy innovation summit, Steven C. Schachter, John Guttag, John Guttag, Steven J. Schiff, Donald L. Schomer, Donald L. Schomer, Massoud Akhtari, Eric M. Bailey, Shirn L. Baptiste, Gregory L. Barkley, John M. Beggs, Renée Béland, Walter Besio, Devin K. Binder, Paolo Bonato, Edward Bromfield, Peter Brunner, Chad Carlson, Sydney S. Cash, Andrew J. Cole, Olivier Commowick, Orrin Devinsky, Werner K. Doyle, Ross Dunseath, Jerome J. Engel, Emad Eskandar, Felipe Fregni, Mark G. Frei, Jacqueline French, Karen Gale, Anne Gallagher, and Nina Graves

A new stand-alone cervical anterior interbody fusion device: Biomechanical comparison with established anterior cervical fixation devices, Matti Scholz, Phillip M. Reyes, Philipp Schleicher, Anna G.U. Sawa, Seungwon Baek, Frank Kandziora, Frederick F. Marciano, and Neil R. Crawford

Nicotinic Attenuation Of Central Nervous System Inflammation And Autoimmunity, Fu Dong Shi, Wen Hua Piao, Yen Ping Kuo, Denise I. Campagnolo, Timothy L. Vollmer, and Ronald J. Lukas

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Splice variants of neuronal nitric oxide synthase are present in the rat kidney, Cheryl Smith, Michael Merchant, Andrea Fekete, Ha Long Nyugen, Paul Oh, You Lin Tain, Jon B. Klein, and Chris Baylis

Cyclooxygenase-1 Or -2 - Which One Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hypothermia?, Alexandre A. Steiner, John C. Hunter, Sean M. Phipps, Tatiane B. Nucci, Daniela L. Oliveira, Jennifer L. Roberts, Adrienne C. Scheck, Daniel L. Simmons, and Andrej A. Romanovsky

Biomechanical effects of laminoplasty versus laminectomy: Stenosis and stability, Venkat Subramaniam, Robert H. Chamberlain, Nicholas Theodore, Seungwon Baek, Sam Safavi-Abbasi, Mehmet Senoǧlu, Volker K.H. Sonntag, and Neil R. Crawford

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Bioethical considerations in translational research: Primate stroke, Michael E. Sughrue, J. Mocco, Willam J. Mack, Andrew F. Ducruet, Ricardo J. Komotar, Ruth L. Fischbach, Thomas E. Martin, and E. Sander Connolly

Response to open peer commentaries on "Bioethical considerations in translational research: primate stroke", Michael E. Sughrue, J Mocco, Willam J. Mack, Andrew F. Ducruet, Ricardo J. Komotar, Ruth L. Fischbach, Thomas E. Martin, and E Sander Connolly

Real-time imaging of de novo arteriovenous malformation in a mouse model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Ok Park Sung, Mamta Wankhede, Jae Lee Young, Eun Jung Choi, Naime Fliess, Se Woon Choe, Seh Hoon Oh, Glenn Walter, Mohan K. Raizada, Brian S. Sorg, and S. Paul Oh

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A notch updated, An Chi Tien, Akhila Rajan, and Hugo J. Bellen

Pharmacological And Immunochemical Characterization Of α2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (Nachrs) In Mouse Brain, Paul Whiteaker, Jennifer A. Wilking, Robert W.B. Brown, Robert J. Brennan, Allan C. Collins, Jon M. Lindstrom, and Jim Boulter

Nicotine Modulates Gabaergic Transmission To Dopaminergic Neurons In Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta, Cheng Xiao, Ke Chun Yang, Chun Yi Zhou, Guo Zhang Jin, Jie Wu, and Jiang Hong Ye

Impact Of Cigarette Smoking In Type 2 Diabetes Development, Xi Tao Xie, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, and Makoto Wakui

Prevention of pulmonary hypertension by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene transfer, Yoriko Yamazato, Anderson J. Ferreira, Kwon Ho Hong, Srinivas Sriramula, Joseph Francis, Masanobu Yamazato, Lihui Yuan, Chastity N. Bradford, Vinayak Shenoy, Suk P. Oh, Michael J. Katovich, and Mohan K. Raizada

Distinctive Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Functional Phenotypes Of Rat Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons, Kechun Yang, Jun Hu, Linda Lucero, Qiang Liu, Chao Zheng, Xuechu Zhen, Guozhang Jin, Ronald J. Lukas, and Jie Wu

Mysterious α6-Containing Nachrs: Function Pharmacology And Pathophysiology, Ke Chun Yang, Guo Zhang Jin, and Jie Wu

Kinetics Of Desensitization And Recovery From Desensitization For Human α4Β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Stably Expressed In Sh-Ep1 Cells, Kewei D. Yu, Qiang Liu, Jie Wu, and Ronald J. Lukas

Renal dysfunction as an independent predictor of outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center cohort study, Brad E. Zacharia, Andrew F. Ducruet, Zachary L. Hickman, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Luis Fernandez, J Michael Schmidt, Reshma Narula, Lauren N. Ko, Margot E. Cohen, Stephan A. Mayer, and E Sander Connolly

Complement inhibition as a proposed neuroprotective strategy following cardiac arrest, Brad E. Zacharia, Zachary L. Hickman, Bartosz T. Grobelny, Peter A. DeRosa, Andrew F. Ducruet, and E Sander Connolly

Agonist- And Antagonist-Induced Conformational Changes Of Loop F And Their Contributions To The ρ1 Gaba Receptor Function, Jianliang Zhang, Fenqin Xue, and Yongchang Chang

U18666A A Cholesterol-Inhibition Agent Modulates Human Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Heterologously Expressed In Sh-Ep1 Cell Line, Chao Zheng, Meng Ya Wang, Qiang Liu, Makoto Wakui, Paul Whiteaker, Ronald J. Lukas, and Jie Wu

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Postischemic IGF-1 gene transfer promotes neurovascular regeneration after experimental stroke, Wei Zhu, Yongfeng Fan, Qi Hao, Fanxia Shen, Tomoki Hashimoto, Guo-Yuan Yang, Mehdi Gasmi, Raymond T. Bartus, William L. Young, and Yongmei Chen

Molecular And Toxicologic Research In Newborn Hypospadiac Male Rats Following In Utero Exposure To Di-N-Butyl Phthalate (Dbp), Ying Jian Zhu, Jun Tao Jiang, Long Ma, Jie Zhang, Yan Hong, Kai Liao, Qiang Liu, and Guo Hua Liu