Evidence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a therapeutic target for the prevention of pulmonary hypertension

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Rationale: It has been proposed that an activated renin angiotensin system (RAS) causes an imbalance between the vasoconstrictive and vasodilatormechanisms involvingthe pulmonary circulation leading to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent studies have indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a member of the vasoprotective axis of the RAS, plays a regulatory role in lung pathophysiology, including pulmonary fibrosis and acute lung disease. Based on these observations, we propose the hypothesis that activation of endogenous ACE2 can shift the balance from the vasoconstrictive, proliferative axis (ACE-Ang II-AT1R) to the vasoprotective axis [ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas] of the RAS, resulting in the prevention of PH. Objectives: We have taken advantage of a recently discovered synthetic activator of ACE2, XNT (1-[(2-dimethylamino) ethylamino]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl oxy]-9H-xanthene-9-one), to study its effects on monocrotaline-induced PH in rats to support this hypothesis. Methods: The cardiopulmonary effects of XNT were evaluated in monocrotaline-induced PH rat model. Measurements and Main Results: A single subcutaneous treatment of monocrotaline in rats resulted in elevated right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, increased pulmonary vessel wall thickness, and interstitial fibrosis. These changes were associated with increases in the mRNA levels of renin, ACE, angiotensinogen, AT1 receptors, and proinflammatory cytokines. All these features of PH were prevented in these monocrotaline-treated rats by chronic treatment with XNT. In addition, XNT caused an increase in the antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Conclusions: These observations provide conceptual support that activation of ACE2 by a small molecule can be a therapeutically relevant approach for treating and controlling PH.

Keywords

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Pulmonary heart disease, Renin angiotensin system

Publication Date

6-1-2009

Publication Title

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

ISSN

1073449X

E-ISSN

15354970

Volume

179

Issue

11

First Page

1048

Last Page

1054

PubMed ID

19246717

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1164/rccm.200811-1678OC

This document is currently not available here.

Share

COinS