The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2022

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Unique Presentation and Novel Surgical Approach to a Transcribriform Penetrating Head Injury Caused by a Nail Gun, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Michael T. Lawton, and Andrew S. Little

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Barrow Innovation Center: A 5-Year Update and Future Direction, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Clinton D. Morgan, Scott T. Brigeman, Vincent Pizziconi, Michael J. Donovan, Andrew S. Little, and Michael T. Lawton

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Cavernous Malformations and Artificial Intelligence: Machine Learning Applications, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Kavelin Rumalla, Dimitri Benner, and Michael T. Lawton

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Laterality and Sex Differences of Human Lateral Habenula Afferent and Efferent Fiber Tracts, Frederick L. Hitti, Drew Parker, Andrew I. Yang, Steven Brem, and Ragini Verma

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Volumetric 3-Dimensional Analysis of the Supraorbital vs Pterional Approach to Paramedian Vascular Structures: Comprehensive Assessment of Surgical Maneuverability, Lena Mary Houlihan, Irakliy Abramov, Thanapong Loymak, Jubran H. Jubran, Ann J. Staudinger Knoll, Dara S. Farhadi, David Naughton, Jacob T. Howshar, Michael G. O'Sullivan, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Toward "bigger" data for neurosurgical anatomical research: a single centralized quantitative neurosurgical anatomy platform, Lena Mary Houlihan, David Naughton, Michael G. O'Sullivan, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Technical challenges to anterior temporal lobectomy after laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: technical note, Molly E. Hubbard, Nasser K. Yaghi, and Nathan R. Selden

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Lumbar Drainage After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, M Maher Hulou, Muhammed Amir Essibayi, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

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Comparison of Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Videoangiography vs Postoperative Catheter Angiography to Confirm Microsurgical Occlusion of Spinal Dorsal Intradural Arteriovenous Fistulas, Katherine Karahalios, Visish M. Srinivasan, Lea Scherschinski, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Joshua S. Catapano, Michael M. Safaee, and Michael T. Lawton

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A Retrospective Analysis of the L3-L4 Disc and Spinopelvic Parameters on Outcomes in Thoracolumbar Fusion: Was Art Steffee Right?, Mark M. Kodsy, Harvey E. Freitag, Robert D. Winkelman, Nicholas M. Rabah, Bryan S. Lee, Ryan Honomichl, Nicolas Thompson, Jason W. Savage, R Douglas Orr, Edward C. Benzel, and Iain H. Kalfas

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Commentary: Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Double Cages: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Sravanthi Koduri, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Michael J. Strong, Whitney E. Muhlestein, and Mark E. Oppenlander

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Cost Comparison of Microsurgery vs Endovascular Treatment for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Propensity-Adjusted Analysis, Mohamed A. Labib, Kavelin Rumalla, Katherine Karahalios, Visish M. Srinivasan, Candice L. Nguyen, Redi Rahmani, Joshua S. Catapano, Joseph M. Zabramski, and Michael T. Lawton

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Comparative analysis of the combined petrosal and the pretemporal transcavernous anterior petrosal approach to the petroclival region, Mohamed A. Labib, Xiaochun Zhao, Lena Mary Houlihan, Irakliy Abramov, Joshua S. Catapano, Komal Naeem, Mark C. Preul, A Samy Youssef, and Michael T. Lawton

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A two-stage combined anterolateral and endoscopic endonasal approach to the petroclival region: an anatomical study and clinical application, Mohamed A. Labib, Xiaochun Zhao, Lena Mary Houlihan, Irakliy Abramov, Mizuho Inoue, Rafael Martinez-Perez, Joshua S. Catapano, Michael T. Lawton, Mark C. Preul, and A Samy Youssef

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A Lasting Future for Open Vascular Neurosurgery, Michael T. Lawton

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Social media in neurosurgery during COVID-19: an evaluation of the role of Neurosurgery Cocktail platform, Chi H. LE, Noah Nawabi, Colette White, Deen L. Garba, Giuseppe E. Umana, Michael T. Lawton, Kanwaljeet Garg, Juha Hernesniemi, Andre E. Boyke, Adam Ammar, and Bipin Chaurasia

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Catastrophic acute failure of pelvic fixation in adult spinal deformity requiring revision surgery: a multicenter review of incidence, failure mechanisms, and risk factors, Christopher T. Martin, Kenneth J. Holton, Benjamin D. Elder, Jeremy L. Fogelson, Anthony L. Mikula, Christopher J. Kleck, David Calabrese, Evalina L. Burger, David Ou-Yang, Vikas V. Patel, Han Jo Kim, Francis Lovecchio, Serena S. Hu, Kirkham B. Wood, Robert Harper, S Tim Yoon, Dheera Ananthakrishnan, Keith W. Michael, Adam J. Schell, Isador H. Lieberman, Stanley Kisinde, Christopher J. DeWald, Michael T. Nolte, Matthew W. Colman, Frank M. Phillips, Daniel E. Gelb, Jacob Bruckner, Lindsey B. Ross, J Patrick Johnson, Terrence T. Kim, Neel Anand, and Joseph S. Cheng

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Neurological emergency from rare spinal metalloma: Case report and literature review, David J. Mazur-Hart, Erik W. Larson, Nasser K. Yaghi, Aaron M. Halfpenny, David R. Pettersson, and David A. Yam

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Rare Case of Pediatric Disseminated Choroid Plexus Papilloma: Literature Review and Call for Reclassification, David J. Mazur-Hart, Nasser K. Yaghi, Erik W. Larson, Brandi W. Pang, Randy L. Woltjer, David R. Pettersson, and Christina M. Sayama

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Stealth Autoguide for robotic-assisted laser ablation for lesional epilepsy: illustrative case, David J. Mazur-Hart, Nasser K. Yaghi, Maryam N. Shahin, and Ahmed M. Raslan

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Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor Under General Anesthesia: Technical Note, Kobina G. Mensah-Brown, Andrew I. Yang, Frederick L. Hitti, Lenora Henry, Sabrina M. Heman-Ackah, Hanane Chaibainou, and Gordon H. Baltuch

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Analyzing international medical graduate research productivity for application to US neurosurgery residency and beyond: A survey of applicants, program directors, and institutional experience, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Yuan Xu, Lena Mary Houlihan, Dimitri Benner, Jubran H. Jubran, Ann J. Staudinger Knoll, Mohamed A. Labib, Teodoro Forcht Dagi, Robert F. Spetzler, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Unsuccessful bypass and trapping of a giant dolichoectatic thrombotic basilar trunk aneurysm. What went wrong?, Nicola Montemurro, Paolo Perrini, and Michael T. Lawton

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Endovascular and Medical Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis, Anant Naik, Emily Smith, Rajiv Dharnipragada, Joshua S. Catapano, Samuel W. Cramer, Ryan Johnson, Rukhsaar Khanam, Wael Hassaneen, Michael T. Lawton, and Paul M. Arnold

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Combined Transcranial and Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Resection of a Complex Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Two-Dimensional Operative Video, Peyton L. Nisson, Michael Gaub, Gabriel S. Gonzales-Portillo, Nikolay Martirosyan, Christopher Le, and G Michael Lemole

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Pyoderma Gangrenosum Masquerading as Wound Infection in the Early Postoperative Period After Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction Surgery, Bryce S. Owen, Mark A. Pacult, and Bryan S. Lee

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Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematomas Is Efficacious and Cost-Effective, Mark A. Pacult, Joshua S. Catapano, Stefan W. Koester, Ethan A. Winkler, Visish M. Srinivasan, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael T. Lawton, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

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Introduction of In Vivo Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and Real-Time Telepathology for Remote Intraoperative Neurosurgery-Pathology Consultation, Marian T. Park, Irakliy Abramov, Timothy C. Gooldy, Kris A. Smith, Randall W. Porter, Andrew S. Little, Michael T. Lawton, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, and Mark C. Preul

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Surgical management outcomes of intracranial arteriovenous malformations after preoperative embolization: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Marian T. Park, Muhammed Amir Essibayi, Visish M. Srinivasan, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Pearls & Oy-sters: Cerebral Venous Congestion Associated With Cognitive Decline Treated by Jugular Release, Christopher T. Primiani, Michael Lawton, Argye Elizabeth Hillis, and Ferdinand K. Hui

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Intracranial aneurysm calcification - A narrative review, Redi Rahmani, Jacob F. Baranoski, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Michael T. Lawton, and Tomoki Hashimoto

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Evolution of Intracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis, Vamsi P. Reddy, Andreas Seas, Nitish Sood, Visish M. Srinivasan, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Bibliometric Analysis of the Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Literature, Vamsi P. Reddy, Rohin Singh, Marissa D. McLelland, Awinita Barpujari, Joshua S. Catapano, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Slow-Closing Clip for the Treatment of Nonsaccular Vertebrobasilar Aneurysms: A Retrospective Case Series, Behnam Rezai Jahromi, Reza Dashti, Oriela Rustemi, João M. Silva, Visish M. Srinivasan, Riikka Tulamo, Danil A. Kozyrev, Suvi Jauhiainen, Peetra U. Magnusson, Maximiliano Arce, Hanna Kaukovalta, Christoph Schwartz, Jussi Numminen, Stepan Sarpaneva, Valdemar Hirvelä, Michael T. Lawton, Rokuya Tanikawa, Mika Niemelä, and Juha Hernesniemi

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Microsurgical Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms, Caleb Rutledge, Jacob F. Baranoski, Joshua S. Catapano, Michael T. Lawton, and Robert F. Spetzler

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Machine learning for predicting hemorrhage in pediatric patients with brain arteriovenous malformation, Satvir Saggi, Ethan A. Winkler, Simon G. Ammanuel, Ramin A. Morshed, Joseph H. Garcia, Jacob S. Young, Alexa Semonche, Heather J. Fullerton, Helen Kim, Daniel L. Cooke, Steven W. Hetts, Adib Abla, Michael T. Lawton, and Nalin Gupta

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Electroencephalography for detection of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis and systematic review, Lea Scherschinski, Joshua S. Catapano, Katherine Karahalios, Stefan W. Koester, Dimitri Benner, Ethan A. Winkler, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Ruchira M. Jha, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

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Genetics and Emerging Therapies for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations, Lea Scherschinski, Redi Rahmani, Visish M. Srinivasan, Joshua S. Catapano, S Paul Oh, and Michael T. Lawton

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Left Callosomarginal to Right Pericallosal In Situ Bypass, Partial Trapping, and Thrombectomy of a Giant Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Katherine Karahalios, Jacob F. Baranoski, and Michael T. Lawton

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Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cerebellar Interpeduncular Entry Zones, Juan Leonardo Serrato-Avila, Juan Alberto Archila, Marcos Devanir da Costa, Paulo Ricardo Biol, Sergio Ricardo Marques, Luis Otavio de Moraes, Kaan Yagmurlu, Michael T. Lawton, Sergio Cavalheiro, and Feres Chaddad-Neto

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Research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease: a bibliometric analysis, Rohin Singh, Marissa D. McLelland, Nicole M. De La Peña, Jordan R. Pollock, Joshua S. Catapano, Visish M. Srinivasan, Redi Rahmani, and Michael T. Lawton

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Retreatment of Residual and Recurrent Aneurysms After Embolization With the Woven EndoBridge Device: Multicenter Case Series, Visish M. Srinivasan, Adam A. Dmytriw, Robert W. Regenhardt, Juan Vicenty-Padilla, Naif M. Alotaibi, Elad Levy, Muhammad Waqas, Jacob Cherian, Jeremiah N. Johnson, Pascal Jabbour, Ahmad Sweid, Bradley Gross, Robert M. Starke, Ajit Puri, Francesco Massari, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Joshua S. Catapano, Caleb Rutledge, Omar Tanweer, Parham Yashar, Gustavo M. Cortez, Mohammad A. Aziz-Sultan, Aman B. Patel, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Ricardo A. Hanel, Michael T. Lawton, and Peter Kan

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Clinical Trials of Microsurgery for Cerebral Aneurysms: Past and Future, Visish M. Srinivasan, Dara S. Farhadi, Nathan A. Shlobin, Tyler S. Cole, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Giant cerebral cavernous malformations: redefinition based on surgical outcomes and systematic review of the literature, Visish M. Srinivasan, Katherine Karahalios, Kavelin Rumalla, Nathan A. Shlobin, Redi Rahmani, Lea Scherschinski, Dimitri Benner, Joshua S. Catapano, Mohamed A. Labib, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Microsurgical treatment of ruptured aneurysms beyond 72 hours after rupture: implications for advanced management, Visish M. Srinivasan, Stefan W. Koester, Katherine Karahalios, Candice L. Nguyen, Kavelin Rumalla, Joshua S. Catapano, Redi Rahmani, Mohamed A. Labib, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

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"Binder Ring" Bypass: V4-V4 Vertebral Artery Transection, Rerouting, and Reanastomosis for Treatment of a Compressive Dolichoectatic Vertebral Artery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Charuta G. Furey, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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The "Binder Ring" Bypass: Transection, Rerouting, and Reanastomosis as an Alternative to Macrovascular Decompression of a Dolichoectatic Vertebral Artery, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Charuta G. Furey, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Suboccipital Craniotomy and Transventricular Resection of a Trigonal Medullary Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Visish M. Srinivasan, Katriel E. Lee, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Evolution in Cerebrovascular Bypass: Conceptual Framework, Technical Nuances, and Initial Clinical Experience with Fourth-Generation Bypass, Visish M. Srinivasan, Redi Rahmani, Mohamed A. Labib, Michael J. Lang, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Adoption of Advanced Microneurosurgical Technologies: An International Survey, Visish M. Srinivasan, Nathan A. Shlobin, Katherine Karahalios, Lea Scherschinski, Redi Rahmani, Christopher S. Graffeo, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Bipin Chaurasia, Joshua S. Catapano, Mohamed A. Labib, and Michael T. Lawton

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Supracerebellar Transtentorial Approach for Resection of a Recurrent Geniculate Thalamic Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Visish M. Srinivasan, Rohin Singh, Jakub Godzik, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Clip Reconstruction of Recurrent, Previously Coiled MCA Aneurysm with M2-M2 Side-Side Reimplantation, Visish M. Srinivasan, Rohin Singh, Mohamed A. Labib, Stephen Dabrowski, Redi Rahmani, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Bone metastasis from glioblastoma: a systematic review, Michael J. Strong, Sravanthi Koduri, Jodi A. Allison, Cecilia M. Pesavento, Sebele Ogunsola, Oludotun Ogunsola, Timothy J. Yee, Siri Sahib Khalsa, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Jacob R. Joseph, Osama N. Kashlan, Paul Park, Mark E. Oppenlander, and Nicholas J. Szerlip

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Intracranial Venous Alteration in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Protocol for the Prospective and Observational SAH Multicenter Study (SMS), Giuseppe E. Umana, S Ottavio Tomasi, Paolo Palmisciano, Gianluca Scalia, Valerio Da Ros, Rahman Al-Schameri, Stefano M. Priola, Lara Brunasso, Giuseppe Roberto Giammalva, Federica Paolini, Roberta Costanzo, Lapo Bonosi, Rosa Maria Gerardi, Rosario Maugeri, Lidia Strigari, Philip E. Stieg, Giuseppe Esposito, Michael T. Lawton, Christoph J. Griessenauer, and Peter A. Winkler

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A scoping review of information provided within degenerative cervical myelopathy education resources: Towards enhancing shared decision making, Rishi Umeria, Oliver Mowforth, Ben Grodzinski, Zahabiya Karimi, Iwan Sadler, Helen Wood, Irina Sangeorzan, Petrea Fagan, Rory Murphy, Angus McNair, and Benjamin Davies

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Mini-open lateral retropleural thoracic discectomy approach, Juan S. Uribe, Gennadiy A. Katsevman, Clinton D. Morgan, Gabriella M. Paisan, and Laura A. Snyder

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A prospective multi-center study comparing the complication profile of modest systemic hypothermia versus normothermia for acute cervical spinal cord injury, Aditya Vedantam, George Jimsheleishvili, James S. Harrop, Linda R. Alberga, Faiz U. Ahmad, Rory K. Murphy, J Benjamin Jackson, Richard B. Rodgers, and Allan D. Levi

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Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor in the Setting of Prior Craniotomy, Connor Wathen, Andrew I. Yang, Frederick L. Hitti, Lenora Henry, Hanane Chaibainou, and Gordon H. Baltuch

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A single-cell atlas of the normal and malformed human brain vasculature, Ethan A. Winkler, Chang N. Kim, Jayden M. Ross, Joseph H. Garcia, Eugene Gil, Irene Oh, Lindsay Q. Chen, David Wu, Joshua S. Catapano, Kunal Raygor, Kazim Narsinh, Helen Kim, Shantel Weinsheimer, Daniel L. Cooke, Brian P. Walcott, Michael T. Lawton, Nalin Gupta, Berislav V. Zlokovic, Edward F. Chang, Adib A. Abla, Daniel A. Lim, and Tomasz J. Nowakowski

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Safe dissection and complication avoidance for L1-2 interbody placement via a lateral access approach, David S. Xu, Gabriella M. Paisan, Joelle N. Hartke, Gennadiy A. Katsevman, Juan S. Uribe, and Laura A. Snyder

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Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment, Nasser K. Yaghi and Mark R. Gilbert

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Reply to letter to the editor: Does early adjuvant brain metastasis SRS increase mortality?, Nasser K. Yaghi and Seunggu Jude Han

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Optimal timing of radiotherapy following brain metastases surgery, Nasser K. Yaghi, Stephanie Radu, Joseph G. Nugent, David J. Mazur-Hart, Brandi W. Pang, Stephen G. Bowden, Blair Murphy, and Seunggu J. Han

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia provides greater pain relief at higher dose rates, Andrew I. Yang, Kobina G. Mensah-Brown, Emily F. Shekhtman, Svetlana Kvint, Connor A. Wathen, Frederick L. Hitti, Michelle Alonso-Basanta, Stephen M. Avery, Jay F. Dorsey, and John Y K Lee

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Tractography-Based Surgical Targeting for Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation: A Comparison of Probabilistic vs Deterministic Fiber Tracking of the Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic Tract, Andrew I. Yang, Drew Parker, Anupa A. Vijayakumari, Ashwin G. Ramayya, Melanie P. Donley-Fletcher, Darien Aunapu, Ronald L. Wolf, Gordon H. Baltuch, and Ragini Verma

Submissions from 2021

Supracerebellar infratentorial inverted subchoroidal approach to lateral ventricle lesions: Anatomical study and illustrative case, Irakliy Abramov, Xiaochun Zhao, Evgenii Belykh, Michael T. Lawton, David Pitskhelauri, and Mark C. Preul

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Objective Outcomes in Lateral Osteotomy Through Anterior-to-Psoas for Severe Adult Degenerative Spine Deformity Correction, Hasan S. Ahmad, Andrew I. Yang, Gregory W. Basil, Michael Y. Wang, and Jang W. Yoon

Neurovascular arterial anatomy: Brain, head, and neck, Matthew D. Alexander, David Hutcheson, and Michael Lawton

Neurovascular venous anatomy: Brain, head, and neck, Matthew D. Alexander, David Hutcheson, and Michael Lawton

Are preoperative chlorhexidine gluconate showers associated with a reduction in surgical site infection following craniotomy? A retrospective cohort analysis of 3126 surgical procedures, Simon G. Ammanuel, Caleb S. Edwards, Andrew K. Chan, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Joseph Kidane, Enrique Vargas, Sarah D'Souza, Amy D. Nichols, Sujatha Sankaran, Adib A. Abla, Manish K. Aghi, Edward F. Chang, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, Sandeep Kunwar, Paul S. Larson, Michael T. Lawton, Philip A. Starr, Philip V. Theodosopoulos, Mitchel S. Berger, and Michael W. McDermott

Corrigendum to ‘Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Congenital Cervical Spinal Stenosis’ [World Neurosurgery 141 (2020) e645-e650] (World Neurosurgery (2020) 141(e645-e650) (S1878875020312250), (10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.252)), Karam Atli, Vikram Chakravarthy, Aleem I. Khan, Bryan S. Lee, Don Moore, Michael P. Steinmetz, and Thomas E. Mroz

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Penetrating Spinal Cord Injury in civilians: analysis of a national database, Mauricio J. Avila, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, R John Hurlbert, and Travis M. Dumont

The Glossopharyngo-Cochlear Triangle-Part II: Case Series Highlighting the Clinical Application to High-Riding Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms Exposed through the Extended Retrosigmoid Approach, Jacob F. Baranoski, Stefan W. Koester, Colin J. Przybylowski, Xiaochun Zhao, Joshua S. Catapano, Sirin Gandhi, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Tyler S. Cole, Jonathan Lee, Fabio A. Frisoli, Michael T. Lawton, and Justin R. Mascitelli

In Reply: The Glossopharyngo-Cochlear Triangle-Part II: Case Series Highlighting the Clinical Application to High-Riding Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms Exposed Through the Extended Retrosigmoid Approach, Jacob F. Baranoski, Justin R. Mascitelli, and Michael T. Lawton

Integrating Stereoscopic Video with Modular 3D Anatomic Models for Lateral Skull Base Training, Samuel R. Barber, Saurabh Jain, Young-Jun Son, Kaith Almefty, Michael T. Lawton, and Shawn M. Stevens

Visualization of brain microvasculature and blood flow in vivo: Feasibility study using confocal laser endomicroscopy, Evgenii Belykh, Xiaochun Zhao, Brandon Ngo, Dara S. Farhadi, Adam Kindelin, Saif Ahmad, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

Eponyms in Vascular Neurosurgery: Comprehensive Review of 11 Arteries, Dimitri Benner, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

Eponyms in Vascular Neurosurgery: Comprehensive Review of 18 Veins, Dimitri Benner, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Eponyms in Vascular Neurosurgery: Comprehensive Review of 11 Arteries", Dimitri Benner, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

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Thoracic meningioma with ossification: Case report, Daniel Buchanan, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Wei Yang, and Russell I. Buchanan

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Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Brain Metastases: An International, Multicenter Study, Adomas Bunevicius, Sarah Fribance, Stylianos Pikis, John Y. Lee, Love Y. Buch, Michael Moran, Andrew I. Yang, Kenneth Bernstein, David Mathieu, Rémi Perron, Roman Liscak, Gabriela Simonova, Samir Patel, Daniel M. Trifiletti, Roberto Martínez Álvarez, Nuria Martínez Moreno, Cheng-Chia Lee, Huai-Che Yang, Ben A. Strickland, Gabriel Zada, Eric L. Chang, Douglas Kondziolka, and Jason Sheehan

Predictors of the development of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and outcomes in patients with intra-aortic balloon pumps, Joshua S. Catapano, Andrew F. Ducruet, Fabio A. Frisoli, Candice L. Nguyen, Christopher E. Louie, Mohamed A. Labib, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, Alexander C. Whiting, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

Propensity-adjusted cost analysis of radial versus femoral access for neuroendovascular procedures, Joshua S. Catapano, Andrew F. Ducruet, Stefan W. Koester, Tyler S. Cole, Jacob F. Baranoski, Caleb Rutledge, Neil Majmundar, Visish M. Srinivasan, D. Andrew Wilkinson, Michael T. Lawton, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

A propensity-adjusted comparison of middle meningeal artery embolization versus conventional therapy for chronic subdural hematomas, Joshua S. Catapano, Andrew F. Ducruet, Candice L. Nguyen, Tyler S. Cole, Jacob F. Baranoski, Neil Majmundar, D Andrew Wilkinson, Vance L. Fredrickson, Daniel D. Cavalcanti, Michael T. Lawton, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

Propensity-Adjusted Comparative Analysis of Radial Versus Femoral Access for Neurointerventional Treatments, Joshua S. Catapano, Andrew F. Ducruet, Candice L. Nguyen, Neil Majmundar, D. Andrew Wilkinson, Tyler S. Cole, Jacob F. Baranoski, Daniel D. Cavalcanti, Vance L. Fredrickson, Visish M. Srinivasan, Caleb Rutledge, Michael T. Lawton, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

Intermediate-grade brain arteriovenous malformations and the boundary of operability using the supplemented Spetzler-Martin grading system, Joshua S. Catapano, Fabio A. Frisoli, Candice L. Nguyen, Mohamed A. Labib, Tyler S. Cole, Jacob F. Baranoski, Helen Kim, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

Spetzler-Martin Grade III Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicenter Propensity-Adjusted Analysis of the Effects of Preoperative Embolization, Joshua S. Catapano, Fabio A. Frisoli, Candice L. Nguyen, D. Andrew Wilkinson, Neil Majmundar, Tyler S. Cole, Jacob F. Baranoski, Alexander C. Whiting, Helen Kim, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Daniel L. Cooke, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

Subclavian artery to internal carotid artery interpositional bypass for carotid artery occlusion: Technical case report, Joshua S. Catapano, Fabio A. Frisoli, Gabriella M. Paisan, Katherine A. Dunn, Ankush Bajaj, Mohamed A. Labib, Tyler S. Cole, Michael J. Lang, and Michael T. Lawton

An evaluation of the SAFIRE grading scale as a predictor of long-term outcomes for patients in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial, Joshua S. Catapano, Mohamed A. Labib, Fabio A. Frisoli, Megan S. Cadigan, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, James J. Zhou, Candice L. Nguyen, Alexander C. Whiting, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

Small intracranial aneurysms in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT), Joshua S. Catapano, Candice L. Nguyen, Fabio A. Frisoli, Soumya Sagar, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, Mohamed A. Labib, Alexander C. Whiting, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

Extended Retrosigmoid Approach for Resection of a Lateral Pontine Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Joshua S. Catapano, Rohin Singh, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

Length of hospital stay in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients without vasospasm on angiography: Potential for a fast-track discharge cohort, Joshua S. Catapano, Visish M. Srinivasan, Kavelin Rumalla, Mohamed A. Labib, Candice L. Nguyen, Tyler S. Cole, Jacob F. Baranoski, Caleb Rutledge, Redi Rahmani, Michael T. Lawton, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

Long-Term Independence in Older Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial, Joshua S. Catapano, Tyler Zeoli, Fabio A. Frisoli, Jan Karl Burk-hardt, and Michael T. Lawton

Historical perspectives, challenges, and future directions of implantable brain-computer interfaces for sensorimotor applications, Santosh Chandrasekaran, Matthew Fifer, Stephan Bickel, Luke Osborn, Jose Herrero, Breanne Christie, Junqian Xu, Rory K. Murphy, Sandeep Singh, Matthew F. Glasser, Jennifer L. Collinger, Robert Gaunt, Ashesh D. Mehta, Andrew Schwartz, and Chad E. Bouton

Increasing author counts in neurosurgical journals from 1980 to 2020, Tyler S. Cole, Mark A. Pacult, and Michael T. Lawton

The Neuroanatomic Studies of Albert L. Rhoton Jr. in Historical Context: An Analysis of Origin, Evolution, and Application, Dara S. Farhadi, Jubran H. Jubran, Xiaochun Zhao, Lena Mary Houlihan, Evgenii Belykh, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Ronald L. Smith, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

The middle communicating artery: A novel fourth-generation bypass for revascularizing trapped middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms in 2 cases, Fabio A. Frisoli, Joshua S. Catapano, Jacob F. Baranoski, and Michael T. Lawton

Creation of a middle communicating artery with external carotid artery-radial artery graft-M2 middle cerebral artery interpositional bypass and M2 middle cerebral artery-M2 middle cerebral artery reimplantation for a recurrent middle cerebral artery aneurysm: 2-dimensional operative video, Fabio A. Frisoli, Joshua S. Catapano, Dimitri Benner, and Michael T. Lawton

Thrombectomy and Clip Occlusion of a Giant, Stent-Coiled Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video, Fabio A. Frisoli, Joshua S. Catapano, S. Harrison Farber, Jacob F. Baranoski, Rohin Singh, Arnau Benet, Tyler S. Cole, Michael A. Mooney, and Michael T. Lawton

Spetzler-Martin Grade III Arteriovenous Malformations: A Comparison of Modified and Supplemented Spetzler-Martin Grading Systems, Fabio A. Frisoli, Joshua S. Catapano, Dara S. Farhadi, Megan S. Cadigan, Candice L. Nguyen, Mohamed A. Labib, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton