The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2024

Incidence of radiographic and clinically significant pneumothorax or hemothorax after thoracic discectomy via mini-open lateral retropleural approach without prophylactic chest tube placement., Nima Alan, S Harrison Farber, James J Zhou, Steve S Cho, Luke K O'Neill, Robert K Dugan, Kate L Petty, Juan Pablo Leal Isaza, Jay D Turner, Laura A. Snyder, and Juan S Uribe

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Exosomes in Vascular/Neurological Disorders and the Road Ahead, Faisal A. Alzahrani, Yasir M. Riza, Thamir M. Eid, Reema Almotairi, Lea Scherschinski, Jessica Contreras, Muhammed Nadeem, Sylvia E. Perez, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Ruchira M. Jha, Mark C. Preul, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael T. Lawton, Kanchan Bhatia, Naseem Akhter, and Saif Ahmad

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Elucidating the pathogenesis behind arteriovenous malformations of the central nervous system: a bibliometric analysis, Maria D. Astudillo Potes, Megan M. Bauman, Ali Shoushtari, Bailey M. Winter, Rohin Singh, Redi Rahmani, Joshua Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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History and Current State of Neurosurgery in the Gambia, Momodou G. Bah, Cyrus Elahi, Kerry A. Vaughan, Lamin Dampha, Ebrima K. Manneh, Isaac Jabang, Jallow Zainab, Seydou B. Badiane, Alioune B. Thiam, Papa I. Ndiaye, Mayguette Gaye-Sakho, Ousman Nyan, Charles A. Roberts, Rosseau Gail, Ellegala Dilan, Michael T. Lawton, Sakho Youssoupha, and John N. Jabang

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Achieving Equity Through Global Neurosurgery Research, Ronnie E. Baticulon, Michael C. Dewan, Claire Karekezi, Nathan A. Shlobin, Roxanna M. Garcia, Kemel A. Ghotme, Nqobile Thango, Gail Rosseau, and Peter J. Hutchinson

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Surgical clipping and endovascular treatments for small or very small anterior communicating artery aneurysms: A comparative pooled analysis, Sávio Batista, Márcio Yuri Ferreira, Leonardo B Oliveira, Gabriel Semione, Jhon E. Bocanegra-Becerra, Raphael Bertani, Lucca B. Palavani, Leonardo José de Macêdo Filho, Edmundo Damiani Bertoli, Nicollas Nunes Rabelo, Leonardo Christiaan Welling, Eberval G. Figueiredo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Basal vein of Rosenthal classification: the key to venous outflow of the deep sylvian fissure, Arnau Benet, Kosumo Noda, Nakao Ota, Michael T. Lawton, and Rokuya Tanikawa

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De Novo Brain Vascular Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Lauren A. Beslow, Timo Krings, Helen Kim, Steven W. Hetts, Michael T. Lawton, Felix Ratjen, Kevin J. Whitehead, James R. Gossage, Charles E. McCulloch, Marianne Clancy, Negar Bagheri, and Marie E. Faughnan

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Brain AVM compactness score in children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Lauren A. Beslow, Arastoo Vossough, Helen Kim, Jeffrey Nelson, Michael T. Lawton, Jeffrey Pollak, Doris D. Lin, Felix Ratjen, Adrienne M. Hammill, Steven W. Hetts, James R. Gossage, Kevin J. Whitehead, Marie E. Faughnan, and Timo Krings

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Minimally invasive keyhole craniotomies for microsurgical clipping of cerebral aneurysms: comparative meta-analysis of the mini-pterional and supraorbital keyhole approaches, Nolan J. Brown, Julian Gendreau, Saarang Patel, Redi Rahmani, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Scalp incision technique for decompressive hemicraniectomy: comparative systematic review and meta-analysis of the reverse question mark versus alternative retroauricular and Kempe incision techniques, Nolan J. Brown, Julian Gendreau, Redi Rahmani, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Middle meningeal artery embolization associated with reduced chronic subdural hematoma volume and midline shift in the acute postoperative period, Joshua S. Catapano, Stefan W. Koester, Sahin Hanalioglu, Dara S. Farhadi, Anant Naik, Joelle N. Hartke, Osman Tunc, Ethan A. Winkler, Steven W. Chang, Michael T. Lawton, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

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Microsurgical Resection of Brainstem Cavernous Malformations in Older Adults: A Multicenter, 30-Year Experience, Joshua S. Catapano, Stefan W. Koester, Kavelin Rumalla, Krista Lamorie-Foote, Ethan A. Winkler, Dimitri Benner, Lea Scherschinski, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, Robert F. Rudy, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

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Sex differences in patients with and without high-risk factors associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Joshua S. Catapano, Ethan A. Winkler, Robert F. Rudy, Christopher S. Graffeo, Stefan W. Koester, Visish M. Srinivasan, Tyler S. Cole, Jacob F. Baranoski, Lea Scherschinski, Ruchira M. Jha, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

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Tracking the Global Burden of Neural Tube Defects and Assessing Disparities Across World Health Organization Regions: A Scoping Literature Review, Daksh Chauhan, Maria Punchak, Joseph Gutbrod, Gyan Moorthy, Bethany Thach, and Gail Rosseau

Two-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Performed Using a Three-Dimensional Exoscope., Steve S Cho and Bryan S. Lee

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Sex-dependent characteristics and outcomes after clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a multicenter propensity score-matched study, Richard Drexler, Jennifer Sauvigny, Tobias F. Pantel, Franz L. Ricklefs, Joshua S. Catapano, John E. Wanebo, Michael T. Lawton, Aminaa Sanchin, Nils Hecht, Peter Vajkoczy, Kunal P. Raygor, Daniel A. Tonetti, Adib Abla, Kareem El Naamani, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, Pascal Jabbour, Brian T. Jankowitz, Mohamed M. Salem, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Arthur Wagner, Maria Wostrack, Jens Gempt, Bernhard Meyer, Michael Gaub, Justin R. Mascitelli, Philippe Dodier, Gerhard Bavinzski, Karl Roessler, Nico Stroh, Matthias Gmeiner, and Andreas Gruber

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Academic career progression in AANS/CNS Spine Section award recipients, Aladine A. Elsamadicy, Josiah J. Sherman, Samuel Craft, Michael Virk, Benjamin D. Elder, Christopher M. Bonfield, Laura A. Snyder, Wilson Z. Ray, Kristen E. Jones, and Won Hyung Ryu

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The importance of social networks in neurosurgery training in low/middle income countries, Manuel de Encarnacion Ramirez, Jeff Natalaja Mukengeshay, Gennady Chumtin, Renat Nurmukhametov, Matias Baldoncini, Jesus Lafuente, Andreina Rosario Rosario, Siddarth Kannan, Aderehime Haidara, Issael Ramirez, Ismail Bozkurt, Ignatius Esene, Stanislav Kaprovoy, Nikolay Konovalov, Kazadi Kelvin Kalangu, Gerald Musa, Michael T. Lawton, Vishal K. Chavda, Eric Suero Molina, and Nicola Montemurro

Novel Use of Bilateral Prone Transpsoas Approach for the Treatment of Transforaminal Interbody Fusion Pseudarthrosis and Interbody Cage Subsidence., S Harrison Farber, Jeff Ehresman, and Bryan S. Lee

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Enhancing the quality of evidence, comparability, and reproducibility in brain arteriovenous malformations treated with open surgery research: a systematic review and proposal of a reporting guideline for surgical and clinical outcomes, Marcio Y. Ferreira, Lucas P. Mitre, Anthony E. Bishay, Sávio Batista, Lucca B. Palavani, Leonardo B. Oliveira, Gabriel Semione, Filipi F. Andreão, Silvio Porto Junior, Marcelo P. Sousa, Pedro G. Borges, Raphael Camerotte, Raphael Bertani, Michael T. Lawton, and Eberval G. Figueiredo

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Anatomic Feasibility of a Superficial Temporal Artery to Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Bypass With a Parietal Branch Interposition Graft: The Superficial Temporal Artery Telescope Bypass, Sirin Gandhi, Arnau Benet, Halima Tabani, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Josep González Sánchez, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Global Neurosurgery: An Overview, Roxanna M. Garcia, Nathan A. Shlobin, Ronnie E. Baticulon, Kemel A. Ghotme, Laura Lippa, Luis A. Borba, Mahmood Qureshi, Nqobile Thango, Tariq Khan, Peter Hutchinson, and Gail Rosseau

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The Power of Advocacy in Global Neurosurgery, Kemel A. Ghotme, Gail Rosseau, Jeffrey Blount, Adrian Caceres, Roxanna M. Garcia, Mahmood Qureshi, Ronnie Baticulon, Nathan A. Shlobin, Kee B. Park, Frederick A. Boop, Syed Ather Enam, Fatu Conteh, Anthony Figaji, Philip R. Aldana, Ernest J. Barthélemy, Richard Moser, Eylem Ocal, Jogi Patissapu, Walter D. Johnson, and Tariq Khan

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Microsurgical Resection of a Lateral Pontine Arteriovenous Malformation Masquerading as a Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Fenestrated Aneurysm Clip Trigeminal Decompression after CyberKnife Treatment Failure, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Sufyan Ibrahim, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Expanding the reach of the trans-middle cerebellar peduncle approach: pontine cavernous malformations, tissue transgression beyond the safe entry zone, and the invisible triangle, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Lea Scherschinski, Dimitri Benner, Katherine Karahalios, Diego A. Devia, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Superficial Temporal Artery to Superior Cerebellar Artery STA (E-S*) s2 Bypass for Dolichoectatic Superior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm After Failed Flow Diversion: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Lea Scherschinski, Tyler S. Cole, and Michael T. Lawton

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Interactive microsurgical anatomy education using photogrammetry 3D models and an augmented reality cube, Muhammet Enes Gurses, Nicolas I. Gonzalez-Romo, Yuan Xu, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Sahin Hanalioglu, José E. Chang, Habib Rafka, Kerry A. Vaughan, Dilantha B. Ellegala, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Racial and Socioeconomic Status among a Patient Population Presenting with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage versus Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: A Single-Center Study, Ashia M. Hackett, Christopher O. Adereti, Ariel P. Walker, Elsa Nico, Lea Scherschinski, Emmajane G. Rhodenhiser, Adam T. Eberle, Anant Naik, Juan P. Giraldo, Joelle N. Hartke, Redi Rahmani, Ethan A. Winkler, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Arteriovenous malformations in the cerebellopontine angle: assessment of the "backdoor resection" technique and microsurgical results in 38 patients, Sahin Hanalioglu, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Sufyan Ibrahim, Joseph H. Garcia, Stefan W. Koester, Alexander A. Aabedi, Joshua S. Catapano, Ethan A. Winkler, and Michael T. Lawton

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Infragalenic triangle as a gateway to dorsal midbrain and posteromedial thalamic lesions: descriptive and quantitative analysis of microsurgical anatomy, Sahin Hanalioglu, Muhammet Enes Gurses, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Nicolas I. González-Romo, Ethan A. Winkler, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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Eloquent noneloquence: redefinition of cortical eloquence based on outcomes of superficial cerebral cavernous malformation resection, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Lea Scherschinski, Jubran H. Jubran, Nicholas B. Dadario, Katherine Karahalios, Dimitri Benner, Danielle VanBrabant, and Michael T. Lawton

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A taxonomy for superficial cerebral cavernous malformations: subtypes of cortical and subcortical lesions, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Lea Scherschinski, Jubran H. Jubran, Katherine Karahalios, Michael D. Hickman, Danielle VanBrabant, and Michael T. Lawton

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Consensus-Based Development of a Global Registry for Traumatic Brain Injury: Establishment, Protocol, and Implementation, Alexis J. Joannides, Tommi K. Korhonen, David Clark, Sujit Gnanakumar, Sara Venturini, Midhun Mohan, Thomas Bashford, Ronnie Baticulon, Indira Devi Bhagavatula, Ignatius Esene, Rocío Fernández-Méndez, Anthony Figaji, Deepak Gupta, Tariq Khan, Tsegazeab Laeke, Michael Martin, David Menon, Wellingson Paiva, Kee B. Park, Jogi V. Pattisapu, Andres M. Rubiano, Vijaya Sekhar, Hamisi K. Shabani, Kachinga Sichizya, Davi Solla, Abenezer Tirsit, Manjul Tripathi, Carole Turner, Bart Depreitere, Corrado Iaccarino, and Laura Lippa

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Raney: a ubiquitous neurosurgical eponym, Andrea L. Klein, Chase H. Foster, and Gail L. Rosseau

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Evaluation of ChatGPT in knowledge of newly evolving neurosurgery: middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematoma management, Stefan W. Koester, Joshua S. Catapano, Joelle N. Hartke, Robert F. Rudy, Tyler S. Cole, Anant Naik, Ethan A. Winkler, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael T. Lawton, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

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Hematologic and Inflammatory Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations, Stefan W. Koester, Brandon K. Hoglund, Olga Ciobanu-Caraus, Joelle N. Hartke, Mark A. Pacult, Ethan A. Winkler, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Modafinil Therapy and Mental Status Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Comprehensive Stroke Center Analysis, Stefan W. Koester, Kavelin Rumalla, Joshua S. Catapano, Samuel R. Sorkhi, Varun Mahadevan, Gregory P. Devine, Anant Naik, Ethan A. Winkler, Robert F. Rudy, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Ruchira M. Jha, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

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External Validation of the Modified Southwestern Aneurysm Severity Index in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial Surgical Cohort, Mohamed A. Labib, Joshua S. Catapano, Mizuho Inoue, Kristina M. Kupanoff, Rohin Singh, Irakliy Abramov, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, Teddy S. Youn, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

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Effectiveness of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lumbar Drainage Among Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Keng Siang Lee, Aswin Chari, Mustafa Motiwala, Nickalus R. Khan, Adam S. Arthur, and Michael T. Lawton

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In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Effectiveness of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lumbar Drainage Among Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", Keng Siang Lee and Michael T. Lawton

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Clinical Capacity Building Through Partnerships: Boots on the Ground in Global Neurosurgery, Laura Lippa, Magalie Cadieux, Ernest J. Barthélemy, Ronnie E. Baticulon, Kemel A. Ghotme, Nathan A. Shlobin, José Piquer, Roger Härtl, Jesus Lafuente, Enoch Uche, Paul H. Young, William R. Copeland, Fraser Henderson, Hugh P. Sims-Williams, Roxanna M. Garcia, Gail Rosseau, and Mubashir Mahmood Qureshi

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Advanced Surgical Techniques for Dural Venous Sinus Repair: A Comprehensive Literature Review, Humberto José Madriñán-Navia, Lea Scherschinski, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

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Toward an optimal cadaveric brain model for neurosurgical education: assessment of preservation, parenchyma, vascular injection, and imaging, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Yuan Xu, Thomas J. On, Irakliy Abramov, Lena Mary Houlihan, Redi Rahmani, Grant Koskay, Sahin Hanalioglu, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

Smart Spine Implants., Rory K. Murphy

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Factors influencing geographic gender disparity in neurosurgery: a nationwide geospatial clustering analysis, Anant Naik, Nicholas Peterman, Charuta Furey, Gabriella Paisan, Joshua Catapano, Drishti Bhardwaj, Ankitha Iyer, Maria Bederson, Suguna Pappu, Laura Snyder, Ann Stroink, Michael T. Lawton, and Paul M. Arnold

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Assessing the Relationship between Surgical Timing and Postoperative Seizure Outcomes in Cavernoma-Related Epilepsy: A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis of 63 Patients with a Review of the Literature, Elsa Nico, Christopher O. Adereti, Ashia M. Hackett, Andrea Bianconi, Anant Naik, Adam T. Eberle, Pere J. Cifre Serra, Stefan W. Koester, Samuel L. Malnik, Brandon M. Fox, Joelle N. Hartke, Ethan A. Winkler, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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STA-MCA Double-Barrel Bypass: A Systematic Review of Technique and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis of Outcomes, Leonardo B. Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Cieslak, Marcio Yuri Ferreira, Cassiano K. Fuziki, Italo C. Martins, Gabriel Semione, Guilherme Nunes Marques, Lucca B. Palavani, Sávio Batista, Nicollas Nunes Rabelo, Stefan W. Koester, Raphael Bertani, Leonardo C. Welling, Michael T. Lawton, and Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo

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Clinical and Technical Outcomes of Intracranial-Intracranial Bypass for Treating Complex Intracranial Aneurysms: An Analysis of 255 Patients, Leonardo B. Oliveira, Marcelo Porto Sousa, Filipi Fim Andreão, Milena Zadra Prestes, Lucca B. Palavani, Sávio Batista, Stefan W. Koester, Nicollas Nunes Rabelo, Raphael Bertani, Leonardo C. Welling, Eberval G. Figueiredo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass versus Occipital Artery-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass for Treating Posterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis, Leonardo de Oliveira, Marcelo Porto Sousa, Gabriel Semione, Marcio Yuri Ferreira, Sávio Batista, Lucca B. Palavani, Filipi F. Andreão, Jordana B. Diniz, Nicollas Nunes Rabelo, Raphael Bertani, Leonardo C. Welling, Michael T. Lawton, and Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo

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Microsurgical thrombectomy: where the ancient art meets the new era, Nakao Ota, Arnau Benet, Muhammad Kusdiansah, Norio Miyoshi, Kenichi Haraguchi, Kosumo Noda, Michael T. Lawton, and Rokuya Tanikawa

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Latex vascular injection as method for enhanced neurosurgical training and skills, Julio C. Pérez-Cruz, Mario A. Macías-Duvignau, Gervith Reyes-Soto, Oscar O. Gasca-González, Matias Baldoncini, Franklin Miranda-Solís, Luis Delgado-Reyes, Carlos Ovalles, Carlos Catillo-Rangel, Evgeniy Goncharov, Renat Nurmukhametov, Michael T. Lawton, Nicola Montemurro, and Manuel De Encarnacion Ramirez

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Mandibular Fossa Approach to Petroclival and Anterior Pontine Lesions, Redi Rahmani, Irakliy Abramov, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Lena Mary Houlihan, Joshua S. Catapano, Peter Q. Quinn, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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International Hackathon as a Tool to Augment Education, Collaboration, and Innovation in Global Neurosurgery, Shahaan S. Razak, Timothy R. West, Sasha Tunsiricharoengul, Aparna Nair-Kanneganti, Nicole A. Perez, Mercy H. Mazurek, Zsombor Gal, Julia B. Duvall, Grant H. Rigney, Ivo H. Cerda, Mary M. Morcos, Emma Keay, Alejandra Silva Hernández, Michael T. Lawton, Brian V. Nahed, and Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa

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Introduction: Global Neurosurgery: The New Frontier, Gail Rosseau

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Global Neurosurgery: A Path Forward Through Health System Strengthening, Gail Rosseau, Nathan A. Shlobin, Ronnie E. Baticulon, Kemel A. Ghotme, and Roxanna M. Garcia

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Most Promising Approaches to Improve Brain AVM Management: ARISE I Consensus Recommendations, Edgar A. Samaniego, Guilherme Dabus, Philip M. Meyers, Peter T. Kan, Juhana Frösen, Giuseppe Lanzino, Babu G. Welch, Victor Volovici, Fernando Gonzalez, Johana Fifi, Fady T. Charbel, Brian L. Hoh, Alexander Khalessi, Michael P. Marks, Alejandro Berenstein, Victor M. Pereira, Mark Bain, Geoffrey P. Colby, Sandra Narayanan, Satoshi Tateshima, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Adam S. Arthur, and Michael T. Lawton

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Microsurgical Clipping of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms-A Global Multicenter Investigation of Perioperative Outcomes, Jennifer Sauvigny, Richard Drexler, Tobias F. Pantel, Franz L. Ricklefs, Joshua S. Catapano, John E. Wanebo, Michael T. Lawton, Aminaa Sanchin, Nils Hecht, Peter Vajkoczy, Kunal Raygor, Daniel Tonetti, Adib Abla, Kareem El Naamani, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, Pascal Jabbour, Brian T. Jankowitz, Mohamed M. Salem, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Arthur Wagner, Maria Wostrack, Jens Gempt, Bernhard Meyer, Michael Gaub, Justin R. Mascitelli, Philippe Dodier, Gerhard Bavinzski, Karl Roessler, Nico Stroh, Matthias Gmeiner, and Andreas Gruber

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Resection of the quadrangular lobule of the cerebellum to increase exposure of the cerebellomesencephalic fissure: an anatomical study with clinical correlation, Juan Leonardo Serrato-Avila, Juan Alberto Paz Archila, Alejandro Monroy-Sosa, Sebastian Aníbal Alejandro, Marcos Devanir Costa, Sergio Cavalheiro, Kaan Yagmurlu, Michael T. Lawton, and Feres Chaddad-Neto

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Opportunities and Considerations for the Incorporation of Artificial Intelligence into Global Neurosurgery: A Generative Pretrained Transformer Chatbot-Based Approach, Nathan A. Shlobin and Gail Rosseau

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Neurosurgery Training in Greece, Theodosios Spiliotopoulos, Adamantios Kalogeras, Nathan A. Shlobin, Anastasia Tasiou, Thanasis Paschalis, George A. Alexiou, Moschos Fratzoglou, Theofilos S. Paleologos, Panagiotopoulos Vasilios, Aristeidis Prassas, Parmenion P. Tsitsopoulos, Konstantinos Vlachos, Spyridon Voulgaris, Gail Rosseau, and Kostas N. Fountas

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Transcirculation retrograde placement of a Pipeline embolization device for treatment of a vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm, Visish M. Srinivasan, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Neil Majmundar, Joshua S. Catapano, Ethan A. Winkler, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael T. Lawton, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

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Posterior Interhemispheric Approach for Occlusion of a Galenic (Type 1) Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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The Impact of Colonialism on Surgical Training Structures in Africa Part 1: Contextualizing the Past, Present, and Future, Nqobile Thango, Andrea L. Klein, Beverly Cheserem, Muhammad Raji Mahmud, Abebe Bekele, Efosa Ohonba, Gloria Shani Kabare, Saidu Abdulkarim Umar, Jules Iradukunda, and Gail L. Rosseau

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The Impact of Colonialism on Surgical Training Structures In Africa Part 2: Surveying Current and Past Trainees, Nqobile Thango, Andrea L. Klein, Beverly Cheserem, Muhammad Raji Mahmud, Abebe Bekele, Efosa Ohonba, Gloria Shani Kabare, Saidu Abdulkarim Umar, Jules Iradukunda, and Gail L. Rosseau

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Education and Training in Global Neurosurgery: The Quest for Diversity and Equitable Collaborations, Nqobile S. Thango, Guilherme Ceccato, Ronnie E. Baticulon, Roxanna Garcia, Angelos Kolias, Nathan A. Shlobin, Kemel A. Ghotme, Mahmood M. Qureshi, Gail Rosseau, and Luis A. Borba

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Dural arteriovenous fistulas are not observed to convert to a higher grade after partial embolization, Erin Walker, Anja Srienc, Daphne Lew, Ridhima Guniganti, Giuseppe Lanzino, Waleed Brinjikji, Minako Hayakawa, Edgar A. Samaniego, Colin P. Derdeyn, Rose Du, Rosalind Lai, Jason P. Sheehan, Robert M. Starke, Adib Abla, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Bradley Gross, Felipe Albuquerque, Michael T. Lawton, Louis J. Kim, Michael Levitt, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Ali Alaraj, Ethan Winkler, W Christopher Fox, Adam Polifka, Samuel Hall, Diederik Bulters, Andrew Durnford, Junichiro Satomi, Yoshiteru Tada, and J Marc van Dijk

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Dolichoectatic Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm Treated With Excision and Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Double Reimplantation Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Ethan A. Winkler, Joshua S. Catapano, Lea Scherschinski, Ashia M. Hackett, and Michael T. Lawton

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Posterior Interhemispheric-Transtentorial Approach for Resection of an Arteriovenous Malformation of the Superior Medullary Velum and Fourth Ventricle: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Ethan A. Winkler, Lea Scherschinski, Joshua S. Catapano, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Sahin Hanalioglu, and Michael T. Lawton

Submissions from 2023

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Step-by-Step Dissection of the Extreme Lateral Transodontoid Approach to the Anterior Craniovertebral Junction: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Nuances, Irakliy Abramov, Mohamed A. Labib, David Altshuler, Lena Mary Houlihan, Nicolas I. Gonzalez-Romo, Evan Luther, Michael E. Ivan, Michael T. Lawton, Jacques J. Morcos, and Mark C. Preul

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Intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy: prospective in vivo feasibility study of a clinical-grade system for brain tumors, Irakliy Abramov, Marian T. Park, Evgenii Belykh, Alexander B. Dru, Yuan Xu, Timothy C. Gooldy, Lea Scherschinski, S Harrison Farber, Andrew S. Little, Randall W. Porter, Kris A. Smith, Michael T. Lawton, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, and Mark C. Preul

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Global Neurosurgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study to Compare the Effectiveness of Two Training Methods in Resource-Poor Settings, Jonah E. Attebery, Emanuel Nuwas, Emanuel Mayegga, Happiness Rabiel, Fabian A. Massaga, Cyrus Elahi, F David Barranco, Michael T. Lawton, Osborne Hall, and Dilantha B. Ellegala

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Occipital Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Direct Bypass: A Salvage Revascularization Technique for Ischemic Moyamoya Disease, Jacob F. Baranoski, Joshua S. Catapano, Joseph H. Garcia, Tyler S. Cole, Ethan A. Winkler, Robert F. Rudy, Caleb Rutledge, Visish M. Srinivasan, Christopher S. Graffeo, Michael T. Lawton, and John E. Wanebo

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Mechanical disorders of the cervicocerebral circulation in children and young adults, Jacob F. Baranoski, Andrew C. White, Charlotte Y. Chung, Joshua S. Catapano, Rafael De Oliveira Sillero, Ferdinand K. Hui, Thierry Agm Huisman, Michael T. Lawton, and Todd Abruzzo

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Seven bypasses simulation set: description and validity assessment of novel models for microneurosurgical training, Evgenii Belykh, Irakliy Abramov, Liudmila Bardonova, Ruchi Patel, Sarah McBryan, Lara Enriquez Bouza, Neil Majmundar, Xiaochun Zhao, Vadim A. Byvaltsev, Stephen A. Johnson, Amit Singla, Gaurav Gupta, Hai Sun, James K. Liu, Anil Nanda, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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The Microcisternal Drainage Technique, Arnau Benet, Kosumo Noda, Michael T. Lawton, and Rokuya Tanikawa

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Response to Preoperative Dexamethasone Predicts Postoperative Neurological Improvement of Focal Neurological Deficits in Patients With Brain Metastases, Stephen G. Bowden, Christian G. Lopez Ramos, Barry Cheaney, Emma Richie, Nasser K. Yaghi, Daniel N. Munger, David J. Mazur-Hart, Hao Tan, Matthew D. Wood, Justin S. Cetas, Aclan Dogan, Ahmed M. Raslan, and Seunggu J. Han

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Management of mild degenerative cervical myelopathy and asymptomatic spinal cord compression: an international survey, Jamie F. Brannigan, Benjamin M. Davies, Oliver D. Mowforth, Ratko Yurac, Vishal Kumar, Joost Dejaegher, Juan J. Zamorano, Rory K. Murphy, Manjul Tripathi, David B. Anderson, James Harrop, Granit Molliqaj, Guy Wynne-Jones, Jose Joefrey Arbatin, So Kato, Manabu Ito, Jefferson Wilson, Ronie Romelean, Nicolas Dea, Daniel Graves, Enrico Tessitore, Allan R. Martin, and Aria Nouri

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Tranexamic Acid Demonstrates Efficacy without Increased Risk for Venous Thromboembolic Events in Cranial Neurosurgery: Systematic Review of the Evidence and Current Applications in Nontraumatic Pathologies, Nolan J. Brown, Joelle N. Hartke, Mark Pacult, Kyle R. Burkett, Julian Gendreau, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Publication patterns of posters and oral presentations at the Annual Meeting of the Joint AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section, Nolan J. Brown, Yusuf Mehkri, Joelle N. Hartke, Sachiv Chakravarti, Julian Gendreau, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Mortality After Microsurgical Treatment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in the Modern Era, Joshua S. Catapano, Stefan W. Koester, Emmajane G. Rhodenhiser, Lea Scherschinski, Katherine Karahalios, Brandon K. Hoglund, Ethan A. Winkler, Joelle N. Hartke, Olga Ciobanu-Caraus, Anant Naik, Laura Beatriz Lopez Lopez, Jarrod D. Rulney, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

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A taxonomy for deep cerebral cavernous malformations: subtypes of basal ganglia lesions, Joshua S. Catapano, Kavelin Rumalla, Visish M. Srinivasan, Ethan A. Winkler, Dimitri Benner, Peter M. Lawrence, Kristen Larson Keil, and Michael T. Lawton

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Defining the minimal clinically important difference in smartphone-based mobility after spine surgery: correlation of survey questionnaire to mobility data, Daksh Chauhan, Hasan S. Ahmad, Robert Subtirelu, Sai Mannam, Ryan Turlip, Kevin Bryan, Shreya Bathula, Yohannes Ghenbot, Andrew I. Yang, Michael Y. Wang, Gregory Basil, Zarina S. Ali, and Jang W. Yoon

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Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes After Stand-Alone Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Symptomatic L5-S1 Retrolisthesis, Steve S. Cho, S Harrison Farber, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Clare W. Teng, Marian T. Park, Steve W. Chang, Laura A. Snyder, Zaman Mirzadeh, Juan S. Uribe, and Jay D. Turner

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Stable Regional and Global Alignment in Patients Treated With Minimally Invasive Lateral Retropleural Thoracic Diskectomy Without Fixation, Steve S. Cho, S Harrison Farber, James J. Zhou, Nima Alan, Luke K. O'Neill, Juan P. Giraldo, Laura A. Snyder, Jay D. Turner, and Juan S. Uribe

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Sphenoparietal Sinus Transposition: Operative Technique for Optimizing Pretemporal Posterior Circulation Access While Preserving the Sylvian Venous Complex, Sergi Cobos Codina, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Experience and Balance: Long-Term Trends in Preferred Skull Base Approach for a Case Series of Cavernous Malformation Resections, Diego A. Devia, Christopher S. Graffeo, Dimitri Benner, Lea Scherschinski, George Thomas, Stefan W. Koester, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Diagnostic predictive values for sport-related concussions: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis, Rajiv Dharnipragada, Anant Naik, Lalitha Saahiti Denduluri, Maria Bederson, Adam Akkad, Samuel W. Cramer, Stefan W. Koester, Joshua S. Catapano, Scott L. Zuckerman, Laura Snyder, and Paul M. Arnold

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Radiographic alignment outcomes after the single-position prone transpsoas approach: a multi-institutional retrospective review of 363 cases, Luis Diaz-Aguilar, Lauren E. Stone, Mohamed A. Soliman, Alexander Padovano, Jeff Ehresman, Nolan J. Brown, Gautam Produturi, Madison Battista, Asham Khan, John Pollina, Rodrigo Amaral, Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr, Isaac Moss, Tyler Smith, Gurvinder S. Deol, Bryan S. Lee, M Craig McMains, Samuel A. Joseph, David Schwartz, Luiz Pimenta, Andrew D. Nguyen, and William R. Taylor

Odor representations from the two nostrils are temporally segregated in human piriform cortex., Gulce Nazli Dikecligil, Andrew I Yang, Nisha Sanghani, Timothy Lucas, H Isaac Chen, Kathryn A Davis, and Jay A Gottfried

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Global Outcomes for Microsurgical Clipping of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Benchmark Analysis of 2245 Cases, Richard Drexler, Thomas Sauvigny, Tobias F. Pantel, Franz L. Ricklefs, Joshua S. Catapano, John E. Wanebo, Michael T. Lawton, Aminaa Sanchin, Nils Hecht, Peter Vajkoczy, Kunal Raygor, Daniel Tonetti, Adib Abla, Kareem El Naamani, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, Pascal Jabbour, Brian T. Jankowitz, Mohamed M. Salem, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Arthur Wagner, Maria Wostrack, Jens Gempt, Bernhard Meyer, Michael Gaub, Justin R. Mascitelli, Philippe Dodier, Gerhard Bavinzski, Karl Roessler, Nico Stroh, Matthias Gmeiner, and Andreas Gruber

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Implantable Intracranial Pressure Sensor with Continuous Bluetooth Transmission via Mobile Application, Yasmeen Elsawaf, Erik Jaklitsch, Madison Belyea, Levon Rodriguez, Alexandra Silverman, Halyn Valley, Issam Koleilat, Nasser K. Yaghi, and Michael Jaeggli

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Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane use in emergent craniectomies shows minimal dural adhesions, Luke Endicott, Jeff Ehresman, William Tettelbach, Allyn Forsyth, and Bryan S. Lee

Spinal Dorsal Intradural Arteriovenous Fistulae: Natural History, Imaging, and Management, Muhammed Amir Essibayi, Visish M. Srinivasan, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Factors Associated with Unfavorable Clinical Presentations in Patients with Ruptured BrainArteriovenous Malformations, Joseph H. Garcia, Luis Carrete, W Caleb Rutledge, Kunal P. Raygor, Ethan A. Winkler, Matheus Prado Pereira, Jeffrey Nelson, Helen Kim, Daniel L. Cooke, Steven W. Hetts, Michael T. Lawton, and Adib A. Abla

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Virtual neurosurgery anatomy laboratory: A collaborative and remote education experience in the metaverse, Nicolas I. Gonzalez-Romo, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Sahin Hanalioglu, Muhammet Enes Gurses, Siyar Bahadir, Yuan Xu, Grant Koskay, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Resection of Frontal Arteriovenous Malformation, Residual Pericallosal Arteriovenous Fistula, and Micro-Arteriovenous Malformation in a Child With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Jacob F. Baranoski, Joelle N. Hartke, Jennifer S. Ronecker, Todd A. Abruzzo, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy and Transsylvian Approach for Resection of an Interpeduncular Midbrain Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Sahin Hanalioglu, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Extended Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Resection of an Abducens Schwannoma, Christopher S. Graffeo, Mark A. Pacult, Tyler S. Cole, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton