Automated Detection of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Using CT Imaging for Calculating the Ventricle-to-Subarachnoid Volume Ratio

Authors

Jacob J. Knittel, From the Creighton University School of Medicine (J.J.K., J.A.A., C.M.O.), Phoenix, Arizona.
Justin L. Hoskin, Department of Neurology (J.L.H., T.D.F.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Dylan J. Hoyt, Department of Radiology (D.J.H., D.A.K.), St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Jonathan A. Abdo, From the Creighton University School of Medicine (J.J.K., J.A.A., C.M.O.), Phoenix, Arizona.
Emily L. Foldes, Department of Neuroradiology (E.L.F., M.M.M., K.S.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Molly M. McElvogue, Department of Neuroradiology (E.L.F., M.M.M., K.S.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Clay M. Oliver, From the Creighton University School of Medicine (J.J.K., J.A.A., C.M.O.), Phoenix, Arizona.
Daniel A. Keesler, Department of Neurology (J.L.H., T.D.F.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Terry D. Fife, Department of Neurology (J.L.H., T.D.F.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
F David Barranco, Department of Neurosurgery (F.D.B., K.A.S.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Kris A. Smith, Department of Neurosurgery (F.D.B., K.A.S.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
J Gordon McComb, Department of Neurosurgery (J.G.M.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Matthew T. Borzage, Division of Neonatology (M.T.B.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Kevin S. King, Department of Neuroradiology (E.L.F., M.M.M., K.S.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona neuropub@barrowneuro.org.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a diagnostic challenge because its clinical symptoms and imaging appearance resemble normal aging and other forms of dementia. Identifying NPH is essential so that patients can receive timely treatment to improve gait distortion and quality of life. An automated marker of NPH was developed and evaluated on clinical CT images, and its utility was assessed in a large patient cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of CT images from 306 tap test-responsive patients with NPH between January 2015 and January 2022. Control CT images were obtained from patients in the emergency department who were evaluated for headache and had unremarkable CT findings between June 2021 and August 2022. The ventricle-to-subarachnoid volume ratio (VSR) was automatically calculated by the imaging software and used as a predictor of NPH in linear regression modeling with adjustment for age and sex. The correlations of VSR with age, sex, and the receiver operating characteristic were computed. RESULTS: VSR was significantly greater in patients with NPH than controls (P < .001). Importantly, VSR was not significantly correlated with age (P = .56, R = 0.001). VSR identifies NPH with a sensitivity and specificity of 94.1% and 92.5%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.99 (95% CI 0.975-0.995). CONCLUSIONS: Automated assessment of the VSR on head CT images identified probable NPH with 93% accuracy. The assessment of a large cohort of patients with NPH supports the generalizability of clinical screening of CT images. Moreover, the results support the utility of ventricle-to-sulcal concordance often used by radiologists but not currently a part of the accepted guidelines for imaging markers of NPH.

Medical Subject Headings

Humans; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure (diagnostic imaging); Female; Male; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed (methods); Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebral Ventricles (diagnostic imaging); Subarachnoid Space (diagnostic imaging); Sensitivity and Specificity

Publication Date

1-8-2025

Publication Title

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

E-ISSN

1936-959X

Volume

46

Issue

1

First Page

141

Last Page

146

PubMed ID

39746816

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3174/ajnr.A8451

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