The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2023

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Clip Reconstruction of a Previously Coiled Recurrent Middle Cerebral Artery Sidewall Aneurysm and an A1 Segment Sidewall Aneurysm in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Vasculopathy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Emmajane G. Rhodenhiser, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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In Situ Occlusion of a Galenic Arteriovenous Malformation in a Young Child: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Christina E. Sarris, Jacob F. Baranoski, Joelle N. Hartke, Charuta G. Furey, David H. Shafron, Todd A. Abruzzo, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Resection of Quadrigeminal Midbrain Cavernous Malformation Using the Supracollicular Safe Entry Zone, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Thrombotic, dolichoectatic, distal PCA aneurysm treated with excision and P2-P2 reanastomosis, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Imaging Findings and Surgical Treatment of a Borden Grade III Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (Lawton Type V Superior Petrosal Sinus Fistula): 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Dimitri Benner, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Approach Selection Strategies for Repeat Resection of Brain Cavernous Malformations: Cohort Study, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Dimitri Benner, Diego A. Devia, George Thomas, Stefan W. Koester, Joshua S. Catapano, Ethan A. Winkler, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Far Lateral Approach for Resection of a Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuroaxis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Charuta G. Furey, Tyler S. Cole, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Microsurgical Resection of a Callosal Septal Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, Jacob F. Baranoski, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

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When the Sewing Gets Tough-Intraoperative Salvage Techniques for Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Lea Scherschinski, Tyler S. Cole, and Michael T. Lawton

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Double-Interposition Bypass: Technical Case Report of a Novel Intraoperative Bypass Salvage Technique, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Ethan A. Winkler, and Michael T. Lawton

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Clip Reconstruction of a Previously Ruptured Basilar Bifurcation Aneurysm After Failure of Endovascular Coiling and Flow Diversion: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Baltazar Zavala, Tyler S. Cole, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Rupture risk and outcomes of giant aneurysms in pediatric patients: a multi-institutional case series and systematic review, Saksham Gupta, Blake M. Hauser, Joshua S. Catapano, Dara Farhadi, Patrick R. Ng, Joshua D. Bernstock, Alfred Pokmeng See, Michael T. Lawton, Edward R. Smith, and Rose Du

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Three-Dimensional Modeling and Extended Reality Simulations of the Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brainstem, Muhammet Enes Gurses, Sahin Hanalioglu, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Elif Gökalp, Nicolas I. Gonzalez-Romo, Abuzer Gungor, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Uğur Türe, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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A comprehensive assessment of self-reported symptoms among patients harboring an unruptured intracranial aneurysm, Ashia M. Hackett, Stefan W. Koester, Emmajane G. Rhodenhiser, Lea Scherschinski, Jarrod D. Rulney, Anant Naik, Elsa Nico, Adam T. Eberle, Joelle N. Hartke, Brandon M. Fox, Ethan A. Winkler, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Primary and Specialist Palliative Care in Neurosurgery: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Glioblastoma and Stroke, Daniel Jeremiah Harrison, Emily Wu, Rohin Singh, Summer Ghaith, Paola Suarez-Meade, Nolan J. Brown, Wendy J. Sherman, Maisha T. Robinson, Michelle P. Lin, Michael T. Lawton, and Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa

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Improving the metric of surgical freedom in the laboratory based on a novel concept of volume, Lena Mary Houlihan, David Naughton, Thanapong Loymak, Jubran H. Jubran, Michael G. O'Sullivan, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Academically Inclined: Predictors of Early Career Trajectory and Avenues for Early Intervention Among Neurosurgery Trainees, M Maher Hulou, Marian T. Park, Muhammed Amir Essibayi, Christopher J. McLouth, Dimitri Benner, Christopher Ala Samaan, Humberto Jose Madriñán-Navia, Jacob T. Howshar, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Exploring the Validity and Reliability of Neurosurgery Residency Program Rankings: A Quantitative Analysis, M Maher Hulou, Stacey A. Slone, Christopher Ala Samaan, Muhammed Amir Essibayi, Ryan C. Hofler, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

An international, prospective observational study on traumatic brain injury epidemiology study protocol: GEO-TBI: Incidence, Alexis Joannides, Tommi Kalevi Korhonen, David Clark, Sujit Gnanakumar, Sara Venturini, Midhun Mohan, Thomas Bashford, Ronnie Baticulon, Indira Devi Bhagavatula, Ignatius Esene, Rocío Fernández-Méndez, Anthony Figaji, Deepak Gupta, Tariq Khan, Tsegazeab Laeke, Michael Martin, David Menon, Wellingson Paiva, Kee B. Park, Jogi V. Pattisapu, Andres M. Rubiano, Vijaya Sekhar, Hamisi Shabani, Kachinga Sichizya, Davi Solla, Abenezer Tirsit, Manjul Tripathi, Carole Turner, Bart Depreitere, Corrado Iaccarino, and Laura Lippa

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Publication Speed Across Neurosurgery Journals: A Bibliometric Analysis, Jubran H. Jubran, Lea Scherschinski, Dimitri Benner, Marian T. Park, Emmajane G. Rhodenhiser, Sufyan Ibrahim, M Maher Hulou, Rohin Singh, Katherine Karahalios, Visish M. Srinivasan, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Commentary: In Response to Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass in Symptomatic Arterial Occlusion Trial (CMOSS), Nickalus R. Khan, Mohamed Labib, Bin Xu, Michael T. Lawton, Mustafa K. Baskaya, and Jacques J. Morcos

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Comparing Characteristics and Treatment of Brain Vascular Malformations in Children and Adults with HHT, Alexandra Kilian, Giuseppe A. Latino, Andrew J. White, Felix Ratjen, Jamie McDonald, Kevin J. Whitehead, James R. Gossage, Timo Krings, Michael T. Lawton, Helen Kim, Marie E. Faughnan, and The Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium Hht Investigator Group

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Radiation-Induced Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: A Single-Center Experience and Systematic Literature Review, Stefan W. Koester, Emmajane G. Rhodenhiser, Stephen J. Dabrowski, Dimitri Benner, Kavelin Rumalla, Lea Scherschinski, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Optimal PHASES scoring for risk stratification of surgically treated unruptured aneurysms, Stefan W. Koester, Emmajane G. Rhodenhiser, Stephen J. Dabrowski, Lea Scherschinski, Joelle N. Hartke, Anant Naik, Katherine Karahalios, Elsa Nico, Ashia M. Hackett, Olga Ciobanu-Caraus, Laura Beatriz Lopez Lopez, Ethan A. Winkler, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Combined subtarsal contralateral transmaxillary retroeustachian and endoscopic endonasal approaches to the infrapetrous region, Mohamed A. Labib, Irakliy Abramov, Lena Mary Houlihan, Visish M. Srinivasan, Lea Scherschinski, Daniel M. Prevedello, Ricardo L. Carrau, Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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In Reply: Cost Comparison of Microsurgery vs Endovascular Treatment for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Propensity-Adjusted Analysis, Mohamed A. Labib, Kavelin Rumalla, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Neurosurgical Videos and Social Media: Publish, Post, or Perish, Michael T. Lawton

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A comparison of incidental and symptomatic unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations in children, Alex Y. Lu, Ethan A. Winkler, Joseph H. Garcia, Kunal P. Raygor, Heather J. Fullerton, Christine K. Fox, Helen Kim, Kurtis I. Auguste, Peter P. Sun, Steven W. Hetts, Michael T. Lawton, Adib A. Abla, and Nalin Gupta

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Canadian Women in Neurosurgery: From Early Pioneers to World Leaders, Enriqueta Lúcar Figueroa, Catherine Veilleux, Lilyana Angelov, Susan Brien, Marie-Pierre Fournier-Gosselin, Zelma H. Kiss, Marie Long, Judith Marcoux, Katherine Poon, Shirley Stiver, Eve Tsai, Sarah Woodrow, Gelareh Zadeh, and Gail Rosseau

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Optic Foraminotomy versus Anterior Clinoidectomy for Small Superior-Projecting Paraclinoid Aneurysms: Visual and Angiographic Outcome Evaluation, Sabino Luzzi, Alice Giotta Lucifero, Matias Baldoncini, Alvaro Campero, Renato Galzio, and Michael T. Lawton

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Nervus intermedius: Microsurgical and anatomic relationships to the cerebellopontine angle neurovascular complex, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Allison S. Liang, Pooneh Mokhtari, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Letter: Charting a Path Forward: Factors Influencing Gender and Racial Disparities in Spinal Cord Injury Trials, Anant Naik, Jacob T. Hanson, Samuel W. Cramer, Joshua S. Catapano, Laura Snyder, Michael T. Lawton, and Paul Arnold

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Trends in medical device company payments in neurosurgery: a nationwide, multidatabase, geospatial analysis, Anant Naik, Nicholas Peterman, Chandler Berke, Charuta G. Furey, Joseph DiDomenico, Joseph Abbatematteo, Donald Detchou, Joshua S. Catapano, Laura A. Snyder, Michael T. Lawton, Ann Stroink, and Paul M. Arnold

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Global Neurosurgery Fellowships: Application of Lessons Learned in Knowledge Transfer from High-Income Countries to Low- or Middle-Income Countries, Habib Emil Rafka, Kerry A. Vaughan, Michael T. Lawton, and Dilantha B. Ellegala

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"Surgery is Art. You Should be One of the Artists" Juha Hernesniemi (1947-2023), Manuel Encarnacion Ramirez, Uğur Türe, Abuzer Güngör, Renat Nurmukhametov, Alvaro Campero, Matias Baldoncini, Stanislav Kaprovoy, Nikolay Konovalov, Jorge Mura, Michael T. Lawton, Nicola Montemurro, and Jacques J. Morcos

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Functional neurological outcome of spinal cavernous malformation surgery, Laurèl Rauschenbach, Alejandro N. Santos, Adrian Engel, Angelina Olbrich, Arnau Benet, Yen Li, Börge Schmidt, Oliver Gembruch, Neriman Özkan, Ramazan Jabbarli, Karsten H. Wrede, Adrian Siegel, Michael T. Lawton, Ulrich Sure, and Philipp Dammann

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Modifiable vascular risk factors in patients with cerebral and spinal cavernous malformations: a complete 10-year follow-up study, Steffen Rauscher, Alejandro N. Santos, Hanah Hadice Gull, Laurèl Rauschenbach, Bixia Chen, Börge Schmidt, Cornelius Deuschl, Arnau Benet, Ramazan Jabbarli, Karsten H. Wrede, Adrian M. Siegel, Michael Lawton, Ulrich Sure, and Philipp Dammann

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A Method of Intraoperative Registration Verification to Prevent Accuracy Errors in Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Electroencephalography Electrode Placement, Miner N. Ross, Erik W. Larson, Maryam N. Shahin, Nasser K. Yaghi, David J. Mazur-Hart, Ann Mitchell, Faye Mulcahy, Lia D. Ernst, Kelly L. Collins, Nathan R. Selden, and Ahmed M. Raslan

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Microsurgical Obliteration of Craniocervical Junction Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Multicenter Experience, Mohamed M. Salem, Visish M. Srinivasan, Daniel A. Tonetti, Krishnan Ravindran, Philipp Taussky, Kaiyun Yang, Katherine Karahalios, Kunal P. Raygor, Ryan M. Naylor, Joshua S. Catapano, Samon Tavakoli-Sabour, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Stephanie H. Chen, Ramesh Grandhi, Brian T. Jankowitz, Mustafa K. Baskaya, Justin R. Mascitelli, Jamie J. Van Gompel, Jacob Cherian, William T. Couldwell, Louis J. Kim, Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol, Robert M. Starke, Peter Kan, Amir R. Dehdashti, Adib A. Abla, Michael T. Lawton, and Jan-Karl Burkhardt

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Cost-effectiveness of forgoing postoperative catheter angiography after microsurgical occlusion of spinal dorsal intradural arteriovenous fistulas, Lea Scherschinski, Katherine Karahalios, Visish M. Srinivasan, Joshua S. Catapano, Jubran H. Jubran, Dimitri Benner, Kavelin Rumalla, Ethan A. Winkler, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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You Take the Low Road: Differential Outcomes After Tangential and Transcortical Approaches to Medial Temporal Brain Arteriovenous Malformations, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, Katherine Karahalios, Joseph H. Garcia, Stefan W. Koester, Jubran H. Jubran, Dimitri Benner, Ethan A. Winkler, Joshua S. Catapano, Mohamed A. Labib, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Transchoroidal Microsurgical Resection of a Left Medial Temporal Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, Redi Rahmani, Katherine Karahalios, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Thoracic laminectomy and midline myelotomy for resection of a spinal ependymoma, Lea Scherschinski, Ethan A. Winkler, Charuta G. Furey, Timothy C. Gooldy, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Application of diffusion tensor-based tractography in treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review, Ataollah Shahbandi, Shahab Aldin Sattari, Maryam Haghshomar, Sakineh Shab-Bidar, and Michael T. Lawton

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Neurosurgeon-Led Advocacy for Folic Acid Fortification to Prevent Spina Bifida, Nathan A. Shlobin, Kemel Ghotme, Adrian Caceres, Eylem Ocal, Jogi V. Pattisapu, Gail Rosseau, Jeffrey P. Blount, and Frederick A. Boop

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Surgical management of Eagle's syndrome causing neurovascular compression, Rohin Singh, Joelle N. Hartke, Joshua S. Catapano, Lea Scherschinski, Redi Rahmani, Visish M. Srinivasan, Ethan A. Winkler, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Implications and future directions of ChatGPT utilization in neurosurgery, Rohin Singh, Taylor Reardon, Visish M. Srinivasan, Oren Gottfried, Mohamad Bydon, and Michael T. Lawton

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Microsurgical Resection of a T12 Intramedullary Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Rohin Singh, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Differentiating radiation necrosis from tumor recurrence: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis comparing imaging modalities, Emily J. Smith, Anant Naik, Annabelle Shaffer, Mahima Goel, David T. Krist, Edward Liang, Charuta G. Furey, William K. Miller, Michael T. Lawton, Daniel H. Barnett, Blake Weis, Ahmed Rizk, Ron S. Smith, and Wael Hassaneen

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Complications of the Prone Transpsoas Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease: A Multicenter Study, Mohamed A. Soliman, Luis Diaz-Aguilar, Cathleen C. Kuo, Alexander O. Aguirre, Asham Khan, Jose E. San Miguel-Ruiz, Rodrigo Amaral, Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr, Isaac L. Moss, Tyler Smith, Gurvinder S. Deol, Jeff Ehresman, Madison Battista, Bryan S. Lee, M Craig McMains, Samuel A. Joseph, David Schwartz, Andrew D. Nguyen, William R. Taylor, Luiz Pimenta, and John Pollina

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Back to basal: contemporary cerebrovascular cohort study of the supratentorial-infraoccipital approach, Visish M. Srinivasan, Katherine Karahalios, Vamsi P. Reddy, Lea Scherschinski, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Redi Rahmani, Joshua S. Catapano, Mohamed A. Labib, Kavelin Rumalla, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Residual and Recurrent Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations: Outcomes and Techniques to Optimize Resection and a Systematic Review of the Literature, Visish M. Srinivasan, Katherine Karahalios, Nathan A. Shlobin, Stefan W. Koester, Candice L. Nguyen, Kavelin Rumalla, Redi Rahmani, Joshua S. Catapano, Mohamed A. Labib, Alim P. Mitha, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

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Resection of a Left Carotid Body Tumor With Preoperative Embolization: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Caleb Rutledge, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

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Clip Occlusion of a Sphenoparietal Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Visish M. Srinivasan, Rohin Singh, Mohammed A. Labib, Joshua S. Catapano, Christopher S. Graffeo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Editorial: Advancements in deep brain stimulation for chronic pain control, Michael D. Staudt, Nasser K. Yaghi, David J. Mazur-Hart, and Prasad Shirvalkar

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Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa: Part II-neurovascular anatomy, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Michael T. Lawton, James K. Liu, Mark C. Preul, and Hai Sun

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Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa: Part I-Osseous and meningeal anatomy, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Michael T. Lawton, James K. Liu, Mark C. Preul, and Hai Sun

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Outcomes Associated With Intracranial Aneurysm Treatments Reported as Safe, Effective, or Durable: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Victor Volovici, Iris S. Verploegh, Djaina Satoer, Noëlle J. Vrancken Peeters, Yasmin Sadigh, Mervyn D. Vergouwen, Joost W. Schouten, Gavin Bruggeman, Dana Pisica, Gizem Yildirim, Ayca Cozar, Femke Muller, Ana-Maria Zidaru, Kelsey Gori, Nefeli Tzourmpaki, Esther Schnell, Mbaye Thioub, Kimberly Kicielinski, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, Nikolay Velinov, Mahjouba Boutarbouch, Michael T. Lawton, Giuseppe Lanzino, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Ruben Dammers, and Torstein R. Meling

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Transcallosal-Transchoroidal Fissure Approach for Midbrain and Thalamic Cavernous Malformations: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Ethan A. Winkler and Michael T. Lawton

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Intraoperative in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy imaging at glioma margins: can we detect tumor infiltration?, Yuan Xu, Andrea M. Mathis, Bianca Pollo, Jürgen Schlegel, Theoni Maragkou, Kathleen Seidel, Philippe Schucht, Kris A. Smith, Randall W. Porter, Andreas Raabe, Andrew S. Little, Nader Sanai, Dennis C. Agbanyim, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, Karl Quint, Mark C. Preul, and Ekkehard Hewer

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Defining the Clival Recess Surgical Corridor and Clival Classification System for Approach to Sellar Pathology, Nasser K. Yaghi, David J. Mazur-Hart, Erik W. Larson, Daniel N. Munger, Joseph G. Nugent, Emma A. Richie, Ryan A. Rimmer, Maria Fleseriu, Aclan Dogan, Mathew Geltzeiler, and Jeremy N. Ciporen

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Multitarget deep brain stimulation for epilepsy, Andrew I. Yang, Faical Isbaine, Abdulrahman Alwaki, and Robert E. Gross

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Sensing with deep brain stimulation device in epilepsy: aperiodic changes in thalamic local field potential during seizures, Andrew I. Yang, Ashley L. Raghu, Faical Isbaine, Abdulrahman Alwaki, and Robert E. Gross

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Management of Anticoagulation/Antiplatelet Medication and Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Elective Spine Surgery: Concise Clinical Recommendations Based on a Modified Delphi Process, Scott L. Zuckerman, Sigurd Berven, Michael B. Streiff, Mena Kerolus, Ian A. Buchanan, Alex Ha, Christopher M. Bonfield, Avery L. Buchholz, Jacob M. Buchowski, Shane Burch, Clinton J. Devin, John R. Dimar, Jeffrey L. Gum, Christopher Good, Han Jo Kim, Jun S. Kim, Joseph M. Lombardi, Christopher E. Mandigo, Mohamad Bydon, Mark E. Oppenlander, David W. Polly, Gregory Poulter, Suken A. Shah, Kern Singh, Khoi D. Than, Alex C. Spyropoulos, Scott Kaatz, Amit Jain, Richard W. Schutzer, Tina Z. Wang, Derek C. Mazique, and Lawrence G. Lenke

Submissions from 2022

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Commentary: Spine Surgery Under Spinal vs General Anesthesia: Prospective Analysis of Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Cognition, Joseph M. Abbatematteo and Laura A. Snyder

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Surgical Anatomy of the Middle Communicating Artery and Guidelines for Predicting the Feasibility of M2-M2 End-to-End Reimplantation, Irakliy Abramov, Evgenii Belykh, Thanapong Loymak, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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Quantitative Anatomic Comparison of the Extreme Lateral Transodontoid vs Extreme Medial Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Jugular Foramen and Craniovertebral Junction, Irakliy Abramov, Mohamed A. Labib, Lena Mary Houlihan, Thanapong Loymak, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach for a Malignant Pineal Region Tumor Mimicking a Cavernous Malformation, Irakliy Abramov, Lea Scherschinski, Mohamed A. Labib, Visish M. Srinivasan, Clinton D. Morgan, Joshua S. Catapano, and Michael T. Lawton

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Arterioectatic Spinal Angiopathy of Childhood: Clinical, Imaging, Laboratory, Histologic, and Genetic Description of a Novel CNS Vascular Pathology, T Abruzzo, R van den Berg, S Vadivelu, S W. Hetts, M Dishop, P Cornejo, V Narayanan, K E. Ramsey, C Coopwood, E G. Medici-van den Herik, S D. Roosendaal, M Lawton, and S Bernes

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Data-driven phenotyping of preoperative functional decline patterns in patients undergoing lumbar decompression and lumbar fusion using smartphone accelerometry, Hasan S. Ahmad, Shikha Singh, Kenneth Jiao, Gregory W. Basil, Andrew I. Yang, Michael Y. Wang, William C. Welch, and Jang W. Yoon

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Developing a Prediction Model for Identification of Distinct Perioperative Clinical Stages in Spine Surgery With Smartphone-Based Mobility Data, Hasan S. Ahmad, Andrew I. Yang, Gregory W. Basil, Disha Joshi, Michael Y. Wang, William C. Welch, and Jang W. Yoon

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Radiopathologic predictors of recurrence in patients with a gross totally resected atypical meningioma, Sharath Kumar Anand, Hamid Sardari, Alireza Sadeghsalehi, Seyed Reza Bagheri, Sonia V. Eden, Michael T. Lawton, and Ehsan Alimohammadi

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Neurovascular Complications and Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Feeding Artery Size, Theodora Ananiadis, Marie E. Faughnan, Dewi Clark, Vikram Prabhudesai, Helen Kim, Michael T. Lawton, and Nicholas T. Vozoris

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Corrigendum to "Eponyms in Vascular Neurosurgery: Comprehensive Review of 11 Arteries" [World Neurosurgery 151 (2021) 249-257], Dimitri Benner, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

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Neurosurgery subspecialty practice during a pandemic: a multicenter analysis of operative practice in 7 U.S. neurosurgery departments during COVID-19, Dimitri Benner, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Cyrus Elahi, Michael D. White, Gary Kocharian, Leonardo E. Albertini Sanchez, Kyle E. Zappi, Andrew L. Garton, Joseph A. Carnevale, Theodore H. Schwartz, Ehsan Dowlati, Daniel R. Felbaum, Kenneth D. Sack, Walter C. Jean, Andrew K. Chan, John F. Burke, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Michael J. Strong, Timothy J. Yee, Mark E. Oppenlander, Mariam Ishaque, Mark E. Shaffrey, Hasan R. Syed, and Michael T. Lawton

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Endoscopic microvascular decompression without the use of rigid head fixation, Rachel Blue, Maya Alexis, Kobina Mensah-Brown, Andrew I. Yang, Michael Spadola, Sonia Ajmera, and John Y. Lee

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Cannabis Use and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Joshua S. Catapano, Kavelin Rumalla, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Candice L. Nguyen, Caleb Rutledge, Redi Rahmani, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Joseph M. Zabramski, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Michael T. Lawton

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A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of medullary lesions, Joshua S. Catapano, Kavelin Rumalla, Visish M. Srinivasan, Peter M. Lawrence, Kristen Larson Keil, and Michael T. Lawton

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A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of pontine lesions. Part 1: basilar, peritrigeminal, and middle peduncular, Joshua S. Catapano, Kavelin Rumalla, Visish M. Srinivasan, Peter M. Lawrence, Kristen Larson Keil, and Michael T. Lawton

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A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of pontine lesions. Part 2: inferior peduncular, rhomboid, and supraolivary, Joshua S. Catapano, Kavelin Rumalla, Visish M. Srinivasan, Peter M. Lawrence, Kristen Larson Keil, and Michael T. Lawton

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Rare Giant Infected Intradiploic Skull Epidermoid Cysts, Joshua S. Catapano, Rohin Singh, Michael T. Lawton, Shawn M. Stevens, and Randall W. Porter

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The Times They Are a-Changin': Increasing Complexity of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhages in Patients Treated from 2004 to 2018, Joshua S. Catapano, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mohamed A. Labib, Kavelin Rumalla, Candice L. Nguyen, Redi Rahmani, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, Caleb Rutledge, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Joseph M. Zabramski, and Michael T. Lawton

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Effects of Preoperative Embolization on Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations: A Propensity-Adjusted Analysis, Joshua S. Catapano, Visish M. Srinivasan, Kavelin Rumalla, Stefan W. Koester, Anna R. Kimata, Kevin L. Ma, Mohamed A. Labib, Jacob F. Baranoski, Tyler S. Cole, Caleb Rutledge, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

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In Vivo Preclinical Quantitative Flow Analysis of Arterial Anastomosis Using a Microvascular Anastomotic Coupler and Clinical Application for Extracranial-to-Intracranial Bypass, Tyler S. Cole, Sirin Gandhi, Joshua S. Catapano, Vance L. Fredrickson, Neil Majmundar, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Andrew F. Ducruet, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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Comparative Anatomical Assessment of Full vs Limited Transcavernous Exposure of the Carotid-Oculomotor Window, Tyler S. Cole, Colin J. Przybylowski, Lena Mary Houlihan, Irakliy Abramov, Thanapong Loymak, Joshua S. Catapano, Jacob F. Baranoski, Visish M. Srinivasan, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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Improving Awareness Could Transform Outcomes in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [AO Spine RECODE-DCM Research Priority Number 1], Benjamin M. Davies, Oliver Mowforth, Helen Wood, Zahabiya Karimi, Iwan Sadler, Lindsay Tetreault, Jamie Milligan, Jamie R. Wilson, Sukhvinder Kalsi-Ryan, Julio C. Furlan, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, Manabu Ito, Carl Moritz Zipser, Timothy F. Boerger, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Rory K. Murphy, Mike Hutton, Ricardo Rodrigues-Pinto, Paul A. Koljonen, James S. Harrop, Bizhan Aarabi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Shekar N. Kurpad, James D. Guest, Jefferson R. Wilson, Brian K. Kwon, Mark R. Kotter, and Michael G. Fehlings

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The Intersection Between the Oculomotor Nerve and the Internal Carotid Artery to Distinguish Extracavernous and Intracavernous Paraclinoid Aneurysms Using Anatomic Dissections-A New 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol Confirmed by Three-Dimensionally Printed Biomodels, Hugo Leonardo Doria-Netto, Christiane Monteiro Campos, Victor Hugo Marussi, José Maria Campos-Filho, Jean Faber, Michael T. Lawton, and Feres E. Chaddad-Neto

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Occipital Artery to a3 Bypass and Distal Occlusion of an a2 Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Fabio A. Frisoli, Joshua S. Catapano, John P. Sheehy, Dimitri Benner, Visish M. Srinivasan, and Michael T. Lawton

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Validation of the Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Grading Scale in a pediatric cohort, Joseph H. Garcia, Caleb Rutledge, Ethan A. Winkler, Luis Carrete, Ramin A. Morshed, Alex Y. Lu, Satvir Saggi, Christine K. Fox, Heather J. Fullerton, Helen Kim, Daniel L. Cooke, Steven W. Hetts, Michael T. Lawton, Nalin Gupta, and Adib A. Abla

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Optic Tract as an Upper Limit in Amygdalectomy: Microsurgical Study, Guillermo Garcia-Oriola, Santino Ottavio Tomasi, Federico Gallardo, Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana, Michael T. Lawton, and Peter A. Winkler

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Gene Polymorphisms Increasing the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: Interleukin-6 -174G>C and -572G>C (Part II), Alice Giotta Lucifero, Matias Baldoncini, Ilaria Brambilla, Monica Rutigliano, Gabriele Savioli, Renato Galzio, Alvaro Campero, Michael T. Lawton, and Sabino Luzzi

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Gene Polymorphisms Increasing the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: Interleukin-1β -511C>T (Part I), Alice Giotta Lucifero, Matias Baldoncini, Thomas Foiadelli, Ilaria Brambilla, Gabriele Savioli, Renato Galzio, Alvaro Campero, Michael T. Lawton, and Sabino Luzzi

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Carotid Endarterectomy Requiring Intra-Arterial Shunting-A Technical Overview: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Dimitri Benner, Diego A. Devia, Tyler S. Cole, and Michael T. Lawton

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Torcular Craniotomy for Simultaneous Resection of a Tentorial Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformation and Clipping of a Superior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Christopher S. Graffeo, Diego A. Devia, Dimitri Benner, Tyler S. Cole, and Michael T. Lawton

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Complex cranial surgery and the future of open cerebrovascular training, Christopher S. Graffeo, Michael J. Link, and Michael T. Lawton

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Fourth-generation bypass and flow reversal to treat a symptomatic giant dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysm, Christopher S. Graffeo, Visish M. Srinivasan, Sunil Manjila, and Michael T. Lawton

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Development and Validation of a Novel Methodological Pipeline to Integrate Neuroimaging and Photogrammetry for Immersive 3D Cadaveric Neurosurgical Simulation, Sahin Hanalioglu, Nicolas Gonzalez Romo, Giancarlo Mignucci-Jiménez, Osman Tunc, Muhammet Enes Gurses, Irakliy Abramov, Yuan Xu, Balkan Sahin, Ilkay Isikay, Ilkan Tatar, Mustafa Berker, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Sphenoparietal Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Series of 10 Patients, Joelle N. Hartke, Visish M. Srinivasan, Redi Rahmani, Joshua S. Catapano, Mohamed A. Labib, Kavelin Rumalla, Joseph H. Garcia, Cameron M. McDougall, Adib A. Abla, and Michael T. Lawton

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Anatomical Triangles for Use in Skull Base Surgery: A Comprehensive Review, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Arnau Benet, Peter M. Lawrence, Dimitri Benner, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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ZAP-X Gyroscopic Radiosurgery System: A Preliminary Analysis of Clinical Applications within a Retrospective Case Series, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Igor J. Barani, and F David Barranco