The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2019

Anatomical and Objective Evaluation of the Main Surgical Approaches to Pontine Intra-Axial Lesions, Daniel D. Cavalcanti, Eberval G. Figueiredo, Mark C. Preul, and Robert F. Spetzler

Applications of Microscope-Integrated Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Cerebral Revascularization Procedures, Claudio Cavallo, Sirin Gandhi, Xiaochun Zhao, Evgenii Belykh, Daniel Valli, Peter Nakaji, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

Temporal Horn Choroid Plexus Papilloma Presenting with Seizures in Adulthood: Clinical Case Report and Review of the Literature., Tsinsue Chen, George M Mastorakos, Kyle I Swanson, Jennifer M Eschbacher, and Kris A Smith

Clinical Outcomes Following Awake and Asleep Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease, Tsinsue Chen, Zaman Mirzadeh, Kristina M. Chapple, Margaret Lambert, Holly A. Shill, Guillermo Moguel-Cobos, Alexander I. Tröster, Rohit Dhall, and Francisco A. Ponce

Bifrontal approach for clip ligation of bilateral ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas: operative video, Tyler S. Cole, Sirin Gandhi, Justin R. Mascitelli, Douglas Hardesty, Claudio Cavallo, and Michael T. Lawton

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Rare Thyroid Transcription Factor 1-Positive Tumors of the Sellar Region: Barrow Neurological Institute Retrospective Case Series, Tyler S. Cole, Subodh Potla, Christina E. Sarris, Colin J. Przybylowski, Jacob F. Baranoski, Michael A. Mooney, F David Barranco, William L. White, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, and Andrew S. Little

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Encore careers: a solution to the unmet need in global neurosurgical care, Jacquelyn A. Corley and Gail Rosseau

Hypothesis: Presymptomatic treatment of Sturge-Weber Syndrome With Aspirin and Antiepileptic Drugs May Delay Seizure Onset, Alyssa M. Day, Adrienne M. Hammill, Csaba Juhász, Anna L. Pinto, E. Steve Roach, Charles E. McCulloch, Anne M. Comi, Karen L. Ball, Brian J. Fisher, Jim I. Koenig, Michael T. Lawton, Warren D. Lo, Douglas A. Marchuk, Daniel K. Miles, Marsha A. Moses, and Angus A. Wilfong

Physical and Family History Variables Associated With Neurological and Cognitive Development in Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Alyssa M. Day, Charles E. McCulloch, Adrienne M. Hammill, Csaba Juhász, Warren D. Lo, Anna L. Pinto, Daniel K. Miles, Brian J. Fisher, Karen L. Ball, Angus A. Wilfong, Alex V. Levin, Avrey J. Thau, Anne M. Comi, Jim I. Koenig, Michael T. Lawton, Douglas A. Marchuk, Marsha A. Moses, Sharon F. Freedman, and Jonathan Pevsner

Letter: It is Time for Federal Protection Against Surprise Medical Billing., Rimal Hanif Dossani, Michael Brisman, and Luis M Tumialán

Is Access to Outpatient Neurosurgery Affected by Narrow Insurance Networks? Results From Statewide Analysis of Marketplace Plans in Louisiana., Rimal H Dossani, Piyush Kalakoti, Anil Nanda, Bharat Guthikonda, and Luis M Tumialán

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Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula formation after scoliosis surgery: case report, Clay M. Elswick, Siri Sahib Khalsa, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Aditya S. Pandey, and Mark E. Oppenlander

Kambin's triangle: definition and new classification schema., Andrew A Fanous, Luis M Tumialán, and Michael Y Wang

Use of the Apollo Detachable-Tip Microcatheter for Endovascular Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformations and Arteriovenous Fistulas, Bruno C. Flores, Alfred P. See, Gregory M. Weiner, Brian T. Jankowitz, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

Two-Stage Revascularization and Clip Reconstruction of a Giant Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video., Sirin Gandhi, Justin R Mascitelli, Xiaochun Zhao, Tsinsue Chen, Douglas A Hardesty, Ernest J Wright, and Michael T. Lawton

Double-Barrel Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass and Trapping of Dolichoectatic Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: 3-Dimensional Operative Video, Sirin Gandhi, Ruth Lau Rodriguez, Halima Tabani, Jan Karl Burkhardt, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

Survival Outcomes Among Patients With High-Grade Glioma Treated With 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Guided Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Sirin Gandhi, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Evgenii Belykh, Claudio Cavallo, Xiaochun Zhao, Masood Pasha Syed, Leandro Borba Moreira, Michael T. Lawton, Peter Nakaji, and Mark C. Preul

Letter to the Editor Regarding "Contralateral, Transfalcine Approach to Mesial Frontoparietal Region and Cingulate Gyrus: Cadaveric Feasibility Study", Sergio Garcia-Garcia, Jose Juan Gonzalez-Sanchez, Sofia Kakaizada, Michael T. Lawton, and Arnau Benet

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Integration of Machine Learning and Mechanistic Models Accurately Predicts Variation in Cell Density of Glioblastoma Using Multiparametric MRI, Nathan Gaw, Andrea Hawkins-Daarud, Leland S. Hu, Hyunsoo Yoon, Lujia Wang, Yanzhe Xu, Pamela R. Jackson, Kyle W. Singleton, Leslie C. Baxter, Jennifer M Eschbacher, Ashlyn Gonzales, Ashley Nespodzany, Kris A. Smith, Peter Nakaji, J. Ross Mitchell, Teresa Wu, Kristin R. Swanson, and Jing Li

Tailoring selection of transforaminal interbody spacers based on biomechanical characteristics and surgical goals: evaluation of an expandable spacer., Jakub Godzik, Jennifer N Lehrman, Anna G U S Newcomb, Ram Kumar Menon, Alexander C Whiting, Brian P. Kelly, and Laura A Snyder

Decreasing Radiation Emission in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Using Ultra-Low-Radiation Imaging with Image Enhancement: A Prospective Cohort Study., Jakub Godzik, Gautam Nayar, William D Hunter, and Luis M Tumialán

A Quantitative Assessment of the Accuracy and Reliability of Robotically Guided Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement: Technique and Application Accuracy., Jakub Godzik, Corey T Walker, Cory Hartman, Bernardo de Andrada, Clinton D Morgan, George Mastorakos, Steve W Chang, Jay D Turner, Randall W Porter, Laura A Snyder, and Juan S. Uribe

Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion With Robotically Assisted Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Jakub Godzik, Corey T. Walker, Nicholas Theodore, Juan S. Uribe, Steven W. Chang, and Laura A. Snyder

Letter to the Editor. Clip, clip, pass: real-world data and middle cerebral artery aneurysms, Christopher S. Graffeo and Michael T. Lawton

The Identification of Factors That Influence the Quality of Bypass Anastomosis and an Evaluation of the Usefulness of an Experimental Practical Scale in This Regard, Ahmad Hafez, Justiina Huhtakangas, Sajjad Muhammad, Michael T. Lawton, Rokuya Tanikawa, and Mika Niemelä

The Application of the Novel Grading Scale (Lawton-Young Grading System) to Predict the Outcome of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation, Ahmad Hafez, Päivi Koroknay-Pál, Elias Oulasvirta, Ahmed Abou Elseoud, Michael T. Lawton, Mika Niemelä, and Aki Laakso

Quality of Life in Children With Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Kelly A. Harmon, Alyssa M. Day, Adrienne M. Hammill, Anna L. Pinto, Charles E. McCulloch, Anne M. Comi, Karen L. Ball, Brian J. Fisher, Csaba Juhász, Helen Kim, Jim Koenig, Michael T. Lawton, Warren D. Lo, Douglas A. Marchuk, Daniel K. Miles, Marsha A. Moses, Jonathan Pevsner, E. Steve Roach, and Angus A. Wilfong

Analysis of Cost and 30-Day Outcomes in Single-Level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Less Invasive Stand-Alone Lateral Transpsoas Interbody Fusion, Cory Hartman, Courtney Hemphill, Jakub Godzik, Corey T. Walker, Joshua T. Wewel, Jay D. Turner, and Juan S. Uribe

Response by Hashimoto et al to Letter Regarding Article "potential Influences of Gut Microbiota on the Formation of Intracranial Aneurysm", Tomoki Hashimoto, Hiroki Sato, Fumiaki Shikata, and Michael T. Lawton

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Predictors of Failure of Nonoperative Management Following Subaxial Spine Trauma and Creation of Modified Subaxial Injury Classification System, Frederick L. Hitti, Brendan J. McShane, Andrew I. Yang, Cole Rinehart, Ahmed Albayar, Marc Branche, Neil R. Malhotra, M Burhan Janjua, Zarina S. Ali, James M. Schuster, and Ali K. Ozturk

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Predictors of Neurological Outcome Following Subaxial Cervical Spine Trauma, Frederick L. Hitti, Brendan J. Mcshane, Andrew I. Yang, Cole Rinehart, Ahmed Albayar, Marc Branche, Yagiz U. Yolcu, Zarina S. Ali, James M. Schuster, and Ali K. Ozturk

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Long-term outcomes following deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease, Frederick L. Hitti, Ashwin G. Ramayya, Brendan J. McShane, Andrew I. Yang, Kerry A. Vaughan, and Gordon H. Baltuch

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Human gene therapy approaches for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: An overview of current and completed clinical trials, Frederick L. Hitti, Andrew I. Yang, Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre, and Gordon H. Baltuch

Operative Management of Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation: Case Series and Novel Technique for Repair of Recurrent Herniation, Randall J. Hlubek, David S. Xu, Celene B. Mulholland, Jourdan Gilson, Nicholas Theodore, Jay D. Turner, and Udaya Kumar Kakarla

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Consensus statement from the International Consensus Meeting on the Role of Decompressive Craniectomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury : Consensus statement, Peter J. Hutchinson, Angelos G. Kolias, Tamara Tajsic, Amos Adeleye, Abenezer Tirsit Aklilu, Tedy Apriawan, Abdul Hafid Bajamal, Ernest J. Barthélemy, B Indira Devi, Dhananjaya Bhat, Diederik Bulters, Randall Chesnut, Giuseppe Citerio, D Jamie Cooper, Marek Czosnyka, Idara Edem, Nasser M. El-Ghandour, Anthony Figaji, Kostas N. Fountas, Clare Gallagher, Gregory W. Hawryluk, Corrado Iaccarino, Mathew Joseph, Tariq Khan, Tsegazeab Laeke, Oleg Levchenko, Baiyun Liu, Weiming Liu, Andrew Maas, Geoffrey T. Manley, Paul Manson, and Anna T. Mazzeo

Anatomical triangles defining routes to anterior communicating artery aneurysms: the junctional and precommunicating triangles and the role of dome projection, Michael E. Ivan, Michael M. Safaee, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Ana Rodríguez-Hernández, Barbara Sullinger, Priyanka Kuruppu, Julian Habdank-Kolaczkowski, and Michael T. Lawton

Social Media and Predictors of Traditional Citations: Insights From the Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Andrew F. Ducruet, Reade De Leacy, and Kyle M. Fargen

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Pupillary changes after clinically asymptomatic high-acceleration head impacts in high school football athletes, Jacob R. Joseph, Jennylee S. Swallow, Kylene Willsey, Andrea A. Almeida, Matthew T. Lorincz, Robert K. Fraumann, Mark E. Oppenlander, Nicholas J. Szerlip, and Steven P. Broglio

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The lateral supracerebellar infratentorial, translateral mesencephalic sulcus approach to the mesencephalopontine junction, M Yashar Kalani, Kaan Yağmurlu, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, and Robert F. Spetzler

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The suboccipital, telovelar, transsuperior fovea approach to dorsal pontine lesions, M Yashar Kalani, Kaan Yağmurlu, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, and Robert F. Spetzler

Assessment of postoperative outcomes in spinal epidural abscess following surgical decompression, Leonard J. Keller, Vincent J. Alentado, Joseph E. Tanenbaum, Bryan S. Lee, Amy S. Nowacki, Edward C. Benzel, Thomas E. Mroz, and Michael P. Steinmetz

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Posterior Cervical Decompression and Instrumented Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Siri Sahib Khalsa, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Brandon W. Smith, Jacob R. Joseph, and Mark E. Oppenlander

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Repair of Thoracic Spinal Cord Herniation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Siri Sahib Khalsa, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Brandon W. Smith, Jacob R. Joseph, and Mark E. Oppenlander

The Future of Open Vascular Neurosurgery: Perspectives on Cavernous Malformations Avms and Bypasses for Complex Aneurysms, Michael T. Lawton and Michael J. Lang

Utility of repeat magnetic resonance imaging in surgical patients with lumbar stenosis without disc herniation, Bryan S. Lee, Rod Nault, Matthew Grabowski, Benjamin Whiting, Joseph Tanenbaum, Konrad Knusel, Matthew Poturalski, Todd Emch, Thomas E. Mroz, and Michael P. Steinmetz

The effect of C2–3 disc angle on postoperative adverse events in cervical spondylotic myelopathy, Bryan S. Lee, Kevin M. Walsh, Daniel Lubelski, Konrad D. Knusel, Michael P. Steinmetz, Thomas E. Mroz, Richard P. Schlenk, Iain H. Kalfas, and Edward C. Benzel

Pituitary gland recovery following fully endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: results of a prospective multicenter study., Andrew S Little, Paul A Gardner, Juan C Fernandez-Miranda, Michael R Chicoine, Garni Barkhoudarian, Daniel M Prevedello, Kevin C J Yuen, and Daniel F Kelly

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Trends and Challenges for the Clinical Adoption of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery, Jonathan T.C. Liu and Nader Sanai

Transsylvian-Transinsular Approach for an Insular Cavernous Malformation Resection: 3-Dimensional Operative Video, Justin Mascitelli, Sirin Gandhi, Ernest Wright, and Michael T. Lawton

Right Pretemporal-Transsylvian Approach for Resection of a Midbrain Cavernous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video, Justin R. Mascitelli, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Michael J. Nanaszko, Ernest J. Wright, and Michael T. Lawton

Does eloquence subtype influence outcome following arteriovenous malformation surgery?, Justin R. Mascitelli, Seungwon Yoon, Tyler S. Cole, Helen Kim, and Michael T. Lawton

ACR Appropriateness Criteria, Marin A McDonald, Claudia F E Kirsch, Beejal Y Amin, Joseph M Aulino, Angela M Bell, R Carter Cassidy, Santanu Chakraborty, Asim F Choudhri, Seth Gemme, Ryan K Lee, Michael D Luttrull, Darlene F Metter, Toshio Moritani, Charles Reitman, Lubdha M Shah, Aseem Sharma, Robert Y Shih, Laura A Snyder, Sophia C Symko, Ralf Thiele, and Julie Bykowski

Side-to-side anastomosis training model using rat common carotid arteries, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Joseph Aklinski, Sirin Gandhi, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

Assessment of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Basilar Apex Region for Aneurysm Clipping, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Arnau Benet, Vera Vigo, Roberto Rodriguez Rubio, Sonia Yousef, Pooneh Mokhtari, Flavia Dones, Sofia Kakaizada, and Michael T. Lawton

Anterior clinoidectomy using an extradural and intradural 2-step hybrid technique, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Michael T. Lawton, Sonia Yousef, Xiaoming Guo, Jose Juan González Sánchez, Halima Tabani, Sergio García, Jan Karl Burkhardt, and Arnau Benet

The pterygoclival ligament: A novel landmark for localization of the internal carotid artery during the endoscopic endonasal approach, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Andrew S. Little, Vera Vigo, Arnau Benet, Sofia Kakaizada, and Michael T. Lawton

Exposure of the external carotid artery through the posterior neck triangle, cadaveric surgical simulation: 2-dimensional operative video, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

Double Origin of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery: Anatomic Case Report, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

Procedural Variables Influencing Stereotactic Accuracy and Efficiency in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery., Zaman Mirzadeh, Tsinsue Chen, Kristina M Chapple, Margaret Lambert, John P Karis, Rohit Dhall, and Francisco A Ponce

Upfront Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Stereotactic Laser-Ablation in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Multicenter Review of Survival Outcomes Compared to a Matched Cohort of Biopsy-Only Patients, Alireza M. Mohammadi, Mayur Sharma, Thomas L. Beaumont, Kevin O. Juarez, Hanna Kemeny, Cosette Dechant, Andreas Seas, Nehaw Sarmey, Bryan S. Lee, Xuefei Jia, Peter E. Fecci, Joachim Baehring, Jennifer Moliterno, Veronica L. Chiang, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Albert H. Kim, Gene H. Barnett, and Eric C. Leuthardt

Microvascular anastomosis: Proposition of a learning curve, Pooneh Mokhtari, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

Posterior petrosal transotic approach for cerebellopontine angle hemangioblastoma: Technical case report, Michael A. Mooney, Claudio Cavallo, Evgenii Belykh, Sirin Gandhi, Justin Mascitelli, Mark C. Preul, Shawn Stevens, Kaith K. Almefty, and Michael T. Lawton

Proposal and Validation of a Simple Grading Scale (TRANSSPHER Grade) for Predicting Gross Total Resection of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Macroadenomas After Transsphenoidal Surgery., Michael A Mooney, Christina E Sarris, James J Zhou, Garni Barkhoudarian, Michael R Chicoine, Juan C Fernandez-Miranda, Paul A Gardner, Douglas A Hardesty, Heidi Jahnke, Daniel F Kelly, Brandon D Liebelt, Marc R Mayberg, Daniel M Prevedello, John Sfondouris, John P Sheehy, James P Chandler, Kevin C J Yuen, William L White, and Andrew S Little

Long-Term Results of Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Clipping in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial, Michael A. Mooney, Elias D. Simon, Scott Brigeman, Peter Nakaji, Joseph M. Zabramski, Michael T. Lawton, and Robert F. Spetzler

Cost Transparency in Neurosurgery: A Single-Institution Analysis of Patient Out-of-Pocket Spending in 13 673 Consecutive Neurosurgery Cases, Michael A. Mooney, Seungwon Yoon, Tyler Cole, John P. Sheehy, Michael A. Bohl, F. David Barranco, Peter Nakaji, Andrew S. Little, and Michael T. Lawton

Microsurgical dissection of Sylvian fissure—short technical videos of third generation cerebrovascular neurosurgeons, Sajjad Muhammad, Rokuya Tanikawa, Michael Lawton, Luca Regli, Mika Niemelä, and Miikka Korja

A novel proposed grading system for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations, Peyton L. Nisson, Salman A. Fard, Christina M. Walter, Cameron M. Johnstone, Michael A. Mooney, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Michael Lang, Helen Kim, Heidi Jahnke, Denise J. Roe, Travis M. Dumont, G Michael Lemole, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael T. Lawton

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A Biomechanical Evaluation of a Next-Generation Integrated and Modular ACDF Device Possessing Full-Plate, Half-Plate, and No-Profile Fixation Iterations., Ripul Panchal, Anup Gandhi, Chris Ferry, Sam Farmer, Jeremy Hansmann, and John E Wanebo

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Is achieving optimal spinopelvic parameters necessary to obtain substantial clinical benefit? An analysis of patients who underwent circumferential minimally invasive surgery or hybrid surgery with open posterior instrumentation, Paul Park, Kai-Ming Fu, Robert K. Eastlack, Stacie Tran, Gregory M. Mundis, Juan S. Uribe, Michael Y. Wang, Khoi D. Than, David O. Okonkwo, Adam S. Kanter, Pierce D. Nunley, Neel Anand, Richard G. Fessler, Dean Chou, Mark E. Oppenlander, and Praveen V. Mummaneni

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Risk Factors Associated With 90-Day Readmissions After Degenerative Lumbar Fusion: An Examination of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MSSIC) Registry, Paul Park, David R. Nerenz, Ilyas S. Aleem, Lonni R. Schultz, Michael Bazydlo, Shujie Xiao, Hesham M. Zakaria, Jason M. Schwalb, Muwaffak M. Abdulhak, Mark E. Oppenlander, and Victor W. Chang

Single Position Spinal Surgery for the Treatment of Grade II Spondylolisthesis: A Technical Note, Esteban Quiceno, Cory Hartman, Jakub Godzik, Mark A. Pacult, Courtney Hemphill, and Juan S. Uribe

Pedicled Vascularized Occipital Bone Graft to Supplement Atlantoaxial Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Pseudoarthrosis, Edward M. Reece, Aditya Vedantam, Sungho Lee, Mohin Bhadkamkar, Matthew Kaufman, Michael A. Bohl, Steve W. Chang, Randall W. Porter, Nicholas Theodore, Udaya Kumar Kakarla, and Alexander E. Ropper

Minimally Invasive Exposure of the Maxillary Artery at the Anteromedial Infratemporal Fossa, Roberto Rodriguez Rubio, Olivia Kola, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Halima Tabani, Xuequan Feng, Jan Karl Burkhardt, Sonia Yousef, Michael T. Lawton, and Arnau Benet

In Reply: Minimally Invasive Exposure of the Maxillary Artery at the Anteromedial Infratemporal Fossa, Roberto Rodriguez Rubio, Olivia Kola, Michael T. Lawton, and Arnau Benet

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Analysis of Outcomes Between Traditional Open versus Mini-Open Approach in Surgical Treatment of Spinal Metastasis, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Clay M. Elswick, Jibran A. Fateh, Brandon W. Smith, Jacob R. Joseph, Daniel E. Spratt, Mark E. Oppenlander, Paul Park, and Nicholas J. Szerlip

How to Build a Neurosurgical Oncology Practice Specializing in Gliomas, Nader Sanai

Intraoperative multimodal monitoring in pedicle subtraction osteotomies of the lumbar spine: A narrative literature review, Jianning Shao, Bryan S. Lee, Dominic Pelle, Maxwell Y. Lee, Jason Savage, Joseph E. Tanenbaum, Thomas E. Mroz, and Michael P. Steinmetz

The efficacy of intraoperative multimodal monitoring in pedicle subtraction osteotomies of the lumbar spine, Jianning Shao, Maxwell Y. Lee, Shreya Louis, Konrad Knusel, Bryan S. Lee, Dominic W. Pelle, Jason Savage, Joseph E. Tanenbaum, Thomas E. Mroz, and Michael P. Steinmetz

Accuracy in Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Placement: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Analysis of Sterotactic Error in Overlapping and Non-Overlapping Surgical Cases, John P. Sheehy, Tsinsue Chen, Michael A. Bohl, Michael A. Mooney, Zaman Mirzadeh, and Francisco A. Ponce

Chronic inflammation, cognitive impairment, and distal brain region alteration following intracerebral hemorrhage, Elaine Shi, Kaibin Shi, Shenfeng Qiu, Kevin N. Sheth, Michael T. Lawton, and Andrew F. Ducruet

Global brain inflammation in stroke, Kaibin Shi, De Cai Tian, Zhi Guo Li, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael T. Lawton, and Fu Dong Shi

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Long-term outcome data from 121 patients treated with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery as salvage therapy for focally recurrent high-grade gliomas., Cody J Smith, Marshall J Fairres, Charlotte S Myers, Kristina M Chapple, Michal Klysik, John P Karis, Emad Youssef, and Kris A Smith

Biomechanical implications of unilateral facetectomy, unilateral facetectomy plus partial contralateral facetectomy, and complete bilateral facetectomy in minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion., Laura A Snyder, Jennifer N Lehrman, Ram Kumar Menon, Jakub Godzik, Anna G U S Newcomb, and Brian P. Kelly

Postoperative management of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak, Shawn M. Stevens, Cody J. Smith, and Michael Lawton

Epilepsy Functional Neurosurgery and Pain, Kyle I. Swanson, Kris A. Smith, Zaman Mirzadeh, and Francisco A. Ponce

Macrovascular Decompression of Facial Nerve with Anteromedial Transposition of a Dolichoectatic Vertebral Artery: 3-Dimensional Operative Video, Halima Tabani, Sonia Yousef, Jan Karl Burkhardt, Sirin Gandhi, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

Volume-outcome relationship in pediatric neurotrauma care: Analysis of two national databases, Oliver Y. Tang, James S. Yoon, Anna R. Kimata, and Michael T. Lawton

Sylvian fissure splitting revisited: Applied arachnoidal anatomy and proposition of a live practice model, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Sirin Gandhi, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

Anatomical assessment of the digastric branch of the facial nerve as a landmark to localize the extratemporal facial nerve trunk, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

Transcavernous Approach to the Upper Basilar and Retroclival Area-Cadaveric Surgical Simulation Video: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

Anatomical Analysis of the Vagoaccessory Triangle and the Triangles Within: The Suprahypoglossal, Infrahypoglossal, and Hypoglossal-Hypoglossal Triangles, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

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Suprasellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report, Edvin Telemi, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Mauricio J Avila, Ashley L. Lukefahr, Christopher Le, and G Michael Lemole

TachoSil Dural Reconstruction in Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Surgeries, Julia Tews, Behnam Rezai Jahromi, Christopher Ludtka, Stefan Schwan, Nakao Ota, Hans Joerg Meisel, Rokuya Tanikawa, Michael Lawton, and Felix Goehre

Commentary: Essential Neurosurgery for Medical Students., Luis M Tumialán

Cervical Template to Optimize the Plate-To-Disc Distance in Instrumented Anterior Cervical Discectomies and Fusions: Instrumentation Assessment, Luis M. Tumialán

Future Studies and Directions for the Optimization of Outcomes for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis, Luis M. Tumialán

The History of and Controversy Over Kambin's Triangle: A Historical Analysis of the Lumbar Transforaminal Corridor for Endoscopic and Surgical Approaches, Luis M. Tumialán, Karthik Madhavan, Jakub Godzik, and Michael Y. Wang

Rate of Return to Military Active Duty After Single and 2-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A 4-Year Retrospective Review., Luis M Tumialán, Ryan P Ponton, Angelina N Cooper, Wayne M Gluf, and Jeffrey M Tomlin

Commentary: The Anatomy of Disvalued Codes: The 63047 and the 22633., Luis M Tumialán, John K Ratliff, and Joseph Cheng

Development of a Simulation Model for Fluorescence-Guided Brain Tumor Surgery, Daniel Valli, Evgenii Belykh, Xiaochun Zhao, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Peter Nakaji, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul