The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2020

Selective posterior cerebral artery amobarbital test: a predictor of memory following subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy., Joshua S Catapano, Alexander C Whiting, Derrick J Wang, Randall J Hlubek, Mohamed A Labib, Clinton D Morgan, Scott Brigeman, Vance L Fredrickson, Daniel D Cavalcanti, Kris A Smith, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) Reanastomosis After Excision of a Ruptured p2-PICA Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Claudio Cavallo, Mohamed Labib, Sirin Gandhi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Justin Mascitelli, and Michael T. Lawton

Brain arteriovenous malformations: A review of natural history, pathobiology, and interventions, Ching-Jen Chen, Dale Ding, Colin P. Derdeyn, Giuseppe Lanzino, Robert M. Friedlander, Andrew M. Southerland, Michael T. Lawton, and Jason P. Sheehan

Effect of elevation of vascular endothelial growth factor level on exacerbation of hemorrhage in mouse brain arteriovenous malformation, Philip Cheng, Li Ma, Sonali Shaligram, Espen J. Walker, Shun Tai Yang, Chaoliang Tang, Wan Zhu, Lei Zhan, Qiang Li, Xiaonan Zhu, Michael T. Lawton, and Hua Su

Flow Diversion for Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms in Pediatric Patients: Multicenter Case Series., Jacob Cherian, Visish Srinivasan, Michael T Froehler, Jonathan A Grossberg, C Michael Cawley, Ricardo A Hanel, Ajit Puri, Travis Dumont, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Adam Arthur, Ahmed Cheema, Alejandro Spiotta, Mohammad Anadani, Demetrius Lopes, Ahmed Saied, Louis Kim, Cory M Kelly, Peng Roc Chen, J Mocco, Reade De Leacy, Ciarán J Powers, Ramesh Grandhi, Kyle M Fargen, Stephen R Chen, Jeremiah N Johnson, Sandi Lam, and Peter Kan

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Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy Following the Coadministration of Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid and Second Window Indocyanine Green in Rodent and Human Glioblastomas, Steve S. Cho, Saad Sheikh, Clare W. Teng, Joseph Georges, Andrew I. Yang, Emma De Ravin, Love Buch, Carrie Li, Yash Singh, Denah Appelt, Edward J. Delikatny, E James Petersson, Andrew Tsourkas, Jay Dorsey, Sunil Singhal, and John Y. Lee

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Management and outcomes following emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury - A multi-centre, international, prospective cohort study (the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study), David Clark, Alexis Joannides, Omar Ibrahim Abdallah, Amos Olufemi Adeleye, Abdul Hafid Bajamal, Tom Bashford, Arnold Bhebhe, Hagos Biluts, Natalia Budohoska, Karol Budohoski, Iype Cherian, Niklas Marklund, Rocio Fernandez Mendez, Tony Figaji, Deepak Kumar Gupta, Corrado Iaccarino, Ali Ilunga, Mathew Joseph, Tariq Khan, Tsegazeab Laeke, Vicknes Waran, Kee Park, Gail Rosseau, Andres Rubiano, Youssuf Saleh, Hamisi K. Shabani, Brandon Smith, Kachinga Sichizya, Manoj Tewari, Abenezer Tirsit, Myat Thu, and Manjul Tripathi

Functional improvement in hand strength and dexterity after surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a prospective quantitative study., Tyler S Cole, Kaith K Almefty, Jakub Godzik, Amy H Muma, Randall J Hlubek, Eduardo Martinez-Del-Campo, Nicholas Theodore, U Kumar Kakarla, and Jay D Turner

Nationwide Trends in Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Artery Stenting in the Post-CREST Era., Tyler S Cole, Andrew W Mezher, Joshua S Catapano, Jakub Godzik, Jacob F Baranoski, Peter Nakaji, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Michael T. Lawton, Andrew S Little, and Andrew F. Ducruet

Microvascular Decompression of the Trigeminal Nerve with Petrous Sling Technique: Surgical Video., Tyler S Cole and Zaman Mirzadeh

Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Recurrence After Apparent Microsurgical Cure: Increased Risk in Children Who Present With Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture, Alexander Copelan, Gerald Drocton, M Travis Caton, Eric R. Smith, Daniel L. Cooke, Jeffrey Nelson, Adib A. Abla, Christine Fox, Matthew R. Amans, Christopher F. Dowd, Van V. Halbach, Randall T. Higashida, Michael T. Lawton, Helen Kim, Heather J. Fullerton, Nalin Gupta, and Steven W. Hetts

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One hundred years of neurosurgery: contributions of American women, Jacquelyn Corley, Eliana Kim, Chris Ann Philips, Martina Stippler, Ann M. Parr, Jennifer Sweet, and Gail Rosseau

The effect of preoperative embolization and flow dynamics on resection of brain arteriovenous malformations, Grace F. Donzelli, Jeffrey Nelson, David McCoy, Charles E. McCulloch, Steven W. Hetts, Matthew R. Amans, Christopher F. Dowd, Van V. Halbach, Randall T. Higashida, Michael T. Lawton, Helen Kim, and Daniel L. Cooke

Influence of thrombectomy volume on non-physician staff burnout and attrition in neurointerventional teams., Kyle M Fargen, Sameer A Ansari, Alejandro Spiotta, Guilherme Dabus, Maxim Mokin, Patrick Brown, Stacey Q Wolfe, Carol Kittel, Peter Kan, Blaise W Baxter, Reade De Leacy, James Milburn, Stephan A Munich, Andrew F. Ducruet, Alan Reeves, Justin F Fraser, Robert M Starke, Ashutosh P Jadhav, William J Mack, Adam S Arthur, Lee Pride, Sunil A Sheth, Ansaar T Rai, Thabele Leslie-Mazwi, and Joshua A Hirsch

Letter to the Editor Regarding "Resection of Pediatric Trigeminal Schwannoma Using Minimally Invasive Approach: Case Report, Literature Review, and Operative Video"., Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo, Vitor Nagai Yamaki, and Robert F Spetzler

Neurointervention for emergent large vessel occlusion during the COVID-19 pandemic., David Fiorella, Kyle M Fargen, Thabele M Leslie-Mazwi, Michael Levitt, Stephen Probst, Sergio Bergese, Joshua A Hirsch, and Felipe C. Albuquerque

Single-center series of boys with recurrent strokes and rotational vertebral arteriopathy, Christine K. Fox, Heather J. Fullerton, Steven W. Hetts, Van V. Halbach, Kurtis I. Auguste, Michael T. Lawton, and Nalin Gupta

Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery recommendations for the care of emergent neurointerventional patients in the setting of COVID-19., Justin F Fraser, Adam S Arthur, Michael Chen, Michael Levitt, J Mocco, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Sameer A Ansari, Guilherme Dabus, Mahesh V Jayaraman, William J Mack, James Milburn, Maxim Mokin, Sandra Narayanan, Ajit S Puri, Adnan H Siddiqui, Jenny P Tsai, and Richard P Klucznik

Commentary: The ruptured arteriovenous malformation grading scale (RAGS): An extension of the hunt and hess scale to predict clinical outcome for patients with ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations, Fabio Frisoli and Michael T. Lawton

Left Vertebral Artery to Common Carotid Artery Transposition in a Patient With Bilateral Vertebral Insufficiency: 3-Dimensional Operative Video., Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Justin R Mascitelli, Michael J Nanaszko, Xiaochun Zhao, and Michael T. Lawton

Far lateral craniotomy and occlusion in situ of a lateral medullary arteriovenous malformation: 2-dimensional operative video, Sirin Gandhi, Justin R. Mascitelli, Claudio Cavallo, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, and Michael T. Lawton

Far Lateral Craniotomy and Occlusion In Situ of a Lateral Medullary Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Sirin Gandhi, Justin R Mascitelli, Claudio Cavallo, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, and Michael T. Lawton

Facial Nerve Preservation for Supraorbital Approaches: Anatomical Mapping Based on Consistent Landmarks., Sergio García-García, José Juan González-Sánchez, Sofia Kakaizada, Michael T. Lawton, and Arnau Benet

Recurrent brainstem cavernous malformations following primary resection: blind spots, fine lines, and the right-angle method, Roxanna M. Garcia, Taemin Oh, Tyler S. Cole, Benjamin K. Hendricks, and Michael T. Lawton

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Letter: Preliminary National Survey Results Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Students Pursuing Careers in Neurosurgery, Roxanna M. Garcia, Rebecca A. Reynolds, Hannah K. Weiss, Lola B. Chambless, Sandi Lam, Nader S. Dahdaleh, and Gail Rosseau

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Editorial. COVID-19 and spinal surgery., Zoher Ghogawala, Shekar Kurpad, Asdrubal Falavigna, Michael W Groff, Daniel M Sciubba, Jau-Ching Wu, Paul Park, Sigurd Berven, Daniel J Hoh, Erica F Bisson, Michael P Steinmetz, Marjorie C Wang, Dean Chou, Charles A Sansur, Justin S Smith, and Luis M Tumialán

Postural stability and dynamic balance in adult spinal deformity: prospective pilot study., Jakub Godzik, Christopher W Frames, Victoria Smith Hussain, Markey C Olson, U Kumar Kakarla, Juan S. Uribe, Thurmon E Lockhart, and Jay D Turner

Surgeon and staff radiation exposure in minimally invasive spinal surgery: prospective series using a personal dosimeter., Jakub Godzik, George M Mastorakos, Gautam Nayar, William D Hunter, and Luis M Tumialán

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Minimally Invasive Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Release for Anterior Column Realignment., Jakub Godzik, Bernardo de Andrada Pereira, Courtney Hemphill, Corey T Walker, Joshua T Wewel, Jay D Turner, and Juan S. Uribe

Optimizing biomechanics of anterior column realignment for minimally invasive deformity correction., Jakub Godzik, Bernardo de Andrada Pereira, Anna G U S Newcomb, Jennifer N Lehrman, Gregory M Mundis, Randall J Hlubek, Juan S. Uribe, Brian P. Kelly, and Jay D Turner

Commentary: Ten-Step Minimally Invasive Cervical Decompression Via Unilateral Tubular Laminotomy: Technical Note and Early Clinical Experience., Timothy C Gooldy and Juan S. Uribe

Clip, clip, pass: Real-world data and middle cerebral artery aneurysms, Christopher S. Graffeo and Michael T. Lawton

Resumption of Positive-Pressure Ventilation Devices for Obstructive Sleep Apnea following Transsphenoidal Surgery: An Institutional Experience of a Surgical Cohort., Nicholas Gravbrot, Heidi Jahnke, William L White, and Andrew S Little

Subcortical atrophy and motor outcomes in pallidal deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease., Moath A Hamed, Francisco A Ponce, Margaret Lambert, and Guillermo Moguel-Cobos

A3-A3 Bypass for Giant Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Cervical 7-Thoracic 3 Laminoplasty for Resection of Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Cervical Vertebral Artery to Facial Branch External Carotid Artery Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Clipping of Basilar and Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: 2-dimensional operative video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Clipping of Complex Internal Cerebral Artery Terminus Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Contralateral Interhemispheric Approach for Resection of A Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Excision of a Large Complex Left Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm With a Middle Cerebral Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery and Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Far-Lateral Approach for Medullary Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Frontal Ethmoidal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Grade 4 Temporal Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Hunterian Ligation With Distal Revascularization for Management of a Previously Coiled Giant Internal Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Interhemispheric Craniotomy for Resection of Thalamic Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Interhemispheric Transfalcine Approach for Resection of Contralateral Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Internal Carotid Artery to Posterior Cerebral Artery Bypass for Fusiform Basilar Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Intraoperative Rerupture and Surgical Clipping of a Small Superiorly Projecting Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Ipsilateral Internal Carotid Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm and Contralateral Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Clipping: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Large Cervical Ependymoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Left A2 Fusiform Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Left Occipital Craniotomy for Resection of Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Left Parietal Craniotomy for Resection of Grade IV Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Left Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Resection of Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Lumbar 4-5 Laminoplasty for Ligation of Dural Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Microsurgical Clipping of an Unruptured Basilar Apex Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Microsurgical Resection of Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Modified Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy for a Previously Coiled Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Moyamoya Disease Superficial Temporal Artery-to-Middle Cerebral Artery Onlay: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Orbitozygomatic Approach Clipping of an Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy for Clipping a Complex Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy for Giant Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Posterior C2-6 Laminoplasty for Resection of Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Pterional Craniotomy for Anterior Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Recurrent Giant Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Aneurysm With Previous Coiling, Attempted Clipping Then Direct ACA-to-ACA Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Retrosigmoid Clip Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Spinal Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Clipping Complicated by Aneurysm Dome Origin of the Anterior Choroidal Artery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Surgical Challenges Associated With Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysm Clipping: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Surgical Clipping of an Unruptured Large Inferiorly Projecting Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm With Chiasmopathy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Surgical Management of a Ruptured Dissecting Anterior Cerebral Artery (A2) Aneurysm Utilizing Contralateral Frontopolar for Reconstruction: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Thoracic 11-Lumbar 1 Laminoplasty for Resection of Conus Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Transpetrous Clip Occlusion of a Giant Midbasilar Aneurysm Using Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Treatment of a Fusiform Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm With an A3-A3 Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Wide-neck aneurysms: Systematic review of the neurosurgical literature with a focus on definition and clinical implications, Benjamin K. Hendricks, James S. Yoon, Kurt Yaeger, Christopher P. Kellner, J. Mocco, Reade A. De Leacy, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael T. Lawton, and Justin R. Mascitelli

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Deep Brain Stimulation Is Effective for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression, Frederick L. Hitti, Andrew I. Yang, Mario A. Cristancho, and Gordon H. Baltuch

Pain Outcomes Following Microvascular Decompression for Drug-Resistant Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., Katherine Holste, Alvin Y Chan, John D Rolston, and Dario J Englot

Mini-Open Lateral Corpectomy for Thoracolumbar Junction Lesions., Shengbin Huangxs, Peter A Christiansen, Haitao Tan, Justin S Smith, Mark E Shaffrey, Juan S. Uribe, Christopher I Shaffrey, and Chun-Po Yen

Osteolysis after cervical disc arthroplasty., Andrei Fernandes Joaquim, Nathan J Lee, Ronald A Lehman, Luis M Tumialán, and K Daniel Riew

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Extracellular microRNAs in blood differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke subtypes., M Yashar S Kalani, Eric Alsop, Bessie Meechoovet, Taylor Beecroft, Komal Agrawal, Timothy G Whitsett, Matthew J Huentelman, Robert F Spetzler, Peter Nakaji, Seungchan Kim, and Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen

Microsurgical Clipping Techniques and Outcomes for Paraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms., Tomoya Kamide, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Halima Tabani, Michael Safaee, and Michael T. Lawton

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Lumbar Lateral Recess Decompression: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Siri Sahib Khalsa, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Timothy J. Yee, Michael J. Strong, Brandon W. Smith, and Mark E. Oppenlander

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Children with HHT, Alexandra Kilian, Giuseppe A. Latino, Andrew J. White, Dewi Clark, Murali M. Chakinala, Felix Ratjen, Jamie McDonald, Kevin Whitehead, James R. Gossage, Doris Lin, Katharine Henderson, Jeffrey Pollak, Justin P. McWilliams, Helen Kim, Michael T. Lawton, and Marie E. Faughnan

Laser Ablation of Abnormal Neurological Tissue Using Robotic NeuroBlate System (LAANTERN): 12-Month Outcomes and Quality of Life After Brain Tumor Ablation., Albert H Kim, Steven Tatter, Ganesh Rao, Sujit Prabhu, Clark Chen, Peter Fecci, Veronica Chiang, Kris A Smith, Brian J Williams, Alireza M Mohammadi, Kevin Judy, Andrew Sloan, Zulma Tovar-Spinoza, James Baumgartner, Constantinos Hadjipanayis, and Eric C Leuthardt

The endoscopic endonasal eustachian tube anterolateral mobilization strategy: minimizing the cost of the extreme-medial approach., Mohamed A Labib, Evgenii Belykh, Claudio Cavallo, Xiaochun Zhao, Daniel M Prevedello, Ricardo L Carrau, Andrew S Little, Mauro A T Ferreira, Mark C Preul, A Samy Youssef, and Peter Nakaji

Anterior cerebral artery bypass for complex aneurysms: advances in intracranial-intracranial bypass techniques., Mohamed A Labib, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Peyton L Nisson, Michael A Mooney, Joshua S Catapano, Michael J Lang, Tsinsue Chen, and Michael T. Lawton

The side door and front door to the upper retroclival region: A comparative analysis of the open pretemporal and the endoscopic endonasal transcavernous approaches, Mohamed A. Labib, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, A. Samy Youssef, Andrew S. Little, Peter Nakaji, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

Advances in Intraoperative Optics: A Brief Review of Current Exoscope Platforms., David J Langer, Timothy G White, Michael Schulder, John A Boockvar, Mohamed Labib, and Michael T. Lawton

Reimplantation Bypass Using One Limb of a Double-Origin Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Treatment of a Ruptured Fusiform Aneurysm: Case Report., Michael J Lang, Joshua S Catapano, Gabriella M Paisan, Stefan W Koester, Tyler S Cole, Mohamed A Labib, James J Zhou, Vance L Fredrickson, Fabio A Frisoli, and Michael T. Lawton

Side-to-Side Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Technique: Application of Fourth Generation Bypass in a Case of Adult Moyamoya Disease., Michael J Lang, Peter Kan, Jacob F Baranoski, and Michael T. Lawton

Erratum. Incidence, classification, and treatment of angiographically occult intracranial aneurysms found during microsurgical aneurysm clipping of known aneurysms., Michael T. Lawton

Perspective: Edwin Boldrey and Penfield's Homunculus., Richard Leblanc and Mark C Preul

Radiation exposure and avoidance in minimally invasive spine surgery, Bryan S. Lee, Dominic W. Pelle, Nicholas R. Arnold, and Thomas E. Mroz

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microelectromechanical-System Hydrogel Valve for Communicating Hydrocephalus., Seunghyun Lee, Ruth E Bristol, Mark C Preul, and Junseok Chae

Evaluation of Surgical Resection Goal and Its Relationship to Extent of Resection and Patient Outcomes in a Multicenter Prospective Study of Patients With Surgically Treated, Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Case Series., Andrew S Little, Michael R Chicoine, Daniel F Kelly, Christina E Sarris, Michael A Mooney, William L White, Paul A Gardner, Juan C Fernandez-Miranda, Garni Barkhoudarian, James P Chandler, Daniel M Prevedello, Brandon D Liebelt, John Sfondouris, and Marc R Mayberg

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Prone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Case Report and Technical Note, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Juan S. Uribe, Blake M. Randolph, and Russell I. Buchanan

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Placement of Guide-Wireless Sharp Percutaneous Pedicle Screws Utilizing Computed Tomography-Navigation and Sentinel Fluoroscopy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Joshua T. Wewel, and Juan S. Uribe

Excision and Primary Reanastomosis of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Treatment of a Ruptured Mycotic Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Justin Mascitelli, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Jacob Baranoski, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, and Michael T. Lawton