The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

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Submissions from 2020

Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Clipping Complicated by Aneurysm Dome Origin of the Anterior Choroidal Artery: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Surgical Challenges Associated With Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysm Clipping: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Surgical Clipping of an Unruptured Large Inferiorly Projecting Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm With Chiasmopathy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Surgical Management of a Ruptured Dissecting Anterior Cerebral Artery (A2) Aneurysm Utilizing Contralateral Frontopolar for Reconstruction: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Thoracic 11-Lumbar 1 Laminoplasty for Resection of Conus Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Transpetrous Clip Occlusion of a Giant Midbasilar Aneurysm Using Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Treatment of a Fusiform Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm With an A3-A3 Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Benjamin K Hendricks and Robert F Spetzler

Wide-neck aneurysms: Systematic review of the neurosurgical literature with a focus on definition and clinical implications, Benjamin K. Hendricks, James S. Yoon, Kurt Yaeger, Christopher P. Kellner, J. Mocco, Reade A. De Leacy, Andrew F. Ducruet, Michael T. Lawton, and Justin R. Mascitelli

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Deep Brain Stimulation Is Effective for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression, Frederick L. Hitti, Andrew I. Yang, Mario A. Cristancho, and Gordon H. Baltuch

Pain Outcomes Following Microvascular Decompression for Drug-Resistant Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., Katherine Holste, Alvin Y Chan, John D Rolston, and Dario J Englot

Mini-Open Lateral Corpectomy for Thoracolumbar Junction Lesions., Shengbin Huangxs, Peter A Christiansen, Haitao Tan, Justin S Smith, Mark E Shaffrey, Juan S. Uribe, Christopher I Shaffrey, and Chun-Po Yen

Osteolysis after cervical disc arthroplasty., Andrei Fernandes Joaquim, Nathan J Lee, Ronald A Lehman, Luis M Tumialán, and K Daniel Riew

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Extracellular microRNAs in blood differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke subtypes., M Yashar S Kalani, Eric Alsop, Bessie Meechoovet, Taylor Beecroft, Komal Agrawal, Timothy G Whitsett, Matthew J Huentelman, Robert F Spetzler, Peter Nakaji, Seungchan Kim, and Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen

Microsurgical Clipping Techniques and Outcomes for Paraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms., Tomoya Kamide, Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Halima Tabani, Michael Safaee, and Michael T. Lawton

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Lumbar Lateral Recess Decompression: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Siri Sahib Khalsa, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Timothy J. Yee, Michael J. Strong, Brandon W. Smith, and Mark E. Oppenlander

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Children with HHT, Alexandra Kilian, Giuseppe A. Latino, Andrew J. White, Dewi Clark, Murali M. Chakinala, Felix Ratjen, Jamie McDonald, Kevin Whitehead, James R. Gossage, Doris Lin, Katharine Henderson, Jeffrey Pollak, Justin P. McWilliams, Helen Kim, Michael T. Lawton, and Marie E. Faughnan

Laser Ablation of Abnormal Neurological Tissue Using Robotic NeuroBlate System (LAANTERN): 12-Month Outcomes and Quality of Life After Brain Tumor Ablation., Albert H Kim, Steven Tatter, Ganesh Rao, Sujit Prabhu, Clark Chen, Peter Fecci, Veronica Chiang, Kris A Smith, Brian J Williams, Alireza M Mohammadi, Kevin Judy, Andrew Sloan, Zulma Tovar-Spinoza, James Baumgartner, Constantinos Hadjipanayis, and Eric C Leuthardt

The endoscopic endonasal eustachian tube anterolateral mobilization strategy: minimizing the cost of the extreme-medial approach., Mohamed A Labib, Evgenii Belykh, Claudio Cavallo, Xiaochun Zhao, Daniel M Prevedello, Ricardo L Carrau, Andrew S Little, Mauro A T Ferreira, Mark C Preul, A Samy Youssef, and Peter Nakaji

Anterior cerebral artery bypass for complex aneurysms: advances in intracranial-intracranial bypass techniques., Mohamed A Labib, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Peyton L Nisson, Michael A Mooney, Joshua S Catapano, Michael J Lang, Tsinsue Chen, and Michael T. Lawton

The side door and front door to the upper retroclival region: A comparative analysis of the open pretemporal and the endoscopic endonasal transcavernous approaches, Mohamed A. Labib, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, A. Samy Youssef, Andrew S. Little, Peter Nakaji, Mark C. Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

Advances in Intraoperative Optics: A Brief Review of Current Exoscope Platforms., David J Langer, Timothy G White, Michael Schulder, John A Boockvar, Mohamed Labib, and Michael T. Lawton

Reimplantation Bypass Using One Limb of a Double-Origin Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Treatment of a Ruptured Fusiform Aneurysm: Case Report., Michael J Lang, Joshua S Catapano, Gabriella M Paisan, Stefan W Koester, Tyler S Cole, Mohamed A Labib, James J Zhou, Vance L Fredrickson, Fabio A Frisoli, and Michael T. Lawton

Side-to-Side Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Technique: Application of Fourth Generation Bypass in a Case of Adult Moyamoya Disease., Michael J Lang, Peter Kan, Jacob F Baranoski, and Michael T. Lawton

Erratum. Incidence, classification, and treatment of angiographically occult intracranial aneurysms found during microsurgical aneurysm clipping of known aneurysms., Michael T. Lawton

Perspective: Edwin Boldrey and Penfield's Homunculus., Richard Leblanc and Mark C Preul

Radiation exposure and avoidance in minimally invasive spine surgery, Bryan S. Lee, Dominic W. Pelle, Nicholas R. Arnold, and Thomas E. Mroz

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microelectromechanical-System Hydrogel Valve for Communicating Hydrocephalus., Seunghyun Lee, Ruth E Bristol, Mark C Preul, and Junseok Chae

Evaluation of Surgical Resection Goal and Its Relationship to Extent of Resection and Patient Outcomes in a Multicenter Prospective Study of Patients With Surgically Treated, Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas: A Case Series., Andrew S Little, Michael R Chicoine, Daniel F Kelly, Christina E Sarris, Michael A Mooney, William L White, Paul A Gardner, Juan C Fernandez-Miranda, Garni Barkhoudarian, James P Chandler, Daniel M Prevedello, Brandon D Liebelt, John Sfondouris, and Marc R Mayberg

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Prone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Case Report and Technical Note, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Juan S. Uribe, Blake M. Randolph, and Russell I. Buchanan

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Placement of Guide-Wireless Sharp Percutaneous Pedicle Screws Utilizing Computed Tomography-Navigation and Sentinel Fluoroscopy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Joshua T. Wewel, and Juan S. Uribe

Excision and Primary Reanastomosis of the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Treatment of a Ruptured Mycotic Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Justin Mascitelli, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Jacob Baranoski, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, and Michael T. Lawton

"Reverse Picket Fence" Technique for Clipping of a Large, Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Justin Mascitelli, Sirin Gandhi, Claudio Cavallo, Douglas A Hardesty, and Michael T. Lawton

External Validation of the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists (SAHIT) Predictive Model Using the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT) Cohort., Justin R Mascitelli, Tyler Cole, Seungwon Yoon, Peter Nakaji, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Cameron G McDougall, Joseph M Zabramski, Michael T. Lawton, and Robert F Spetzler

An a3-Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery to p3-Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass With Thrombectomy and Trapping of an Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video., Justin R Mascitelli, Sirin Gandhi, Jacob F Baranoski, Michael J Lang, and Michael T. Lawton

Microsurgical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms After Failed Flow Diversion, Nnenna Mbabuike, Sophia F. Shakur, Kelly Gassie, Visish Srinivasan, Justin Mascitelli, Adib Abla, Edward Duckworth, Peter Kan, Georgios A. Zenonos, Clemens Schirmer, Fady T. Charbel, Evandro de Olivera, Jacques J. Morcos, Michael Lawton, and Rabih G. Tawk

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In Reply: Growth of Lumbosacral Perineural (Tarlov) Cysts: A Natural History Analysis, Kobina G. Mensah-Brown, Andrew I. Yang, and William C. Welch

Retromastoid-transmuscular identification and harvest of the occipital artery during retrosigmoid craniotomy, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Michael T. Lawton, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Michael J. Lang, Peter Nakaji, and Mark C. Preul

Interdural course of the ophthalmic artery in the optic canal, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Michael T. Lawton, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, Evgenii G. Belykh, Michelle M. Felicella, and Mark C. Preul

Zygomatic-meatal perpendicular projection lines: bony landmarks for early identification of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle., Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Xiaochun Zhao, Leandro Borba Moreira, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C Preul

TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) Mediates the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture., Kazuha Mitsui, Taichi Ikedo, Yoshinobu Kamio, Hajime Furukawa, Michael T. Lawton, and Tomoki Hashimoto

Effects of implantation of a deep brain stimulation device on patient weight in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor., Nikolas R Monteferrante, Brian G Wilhelmi, Margaret Lambert, and Francisco A Ponce

Endoscope-Assisted, Transmastoid, High Cervical Approach for Resection of a Jugular Foramen Schwannoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video., Michael A Mooney and Kaith K Almefty

Three-Dimensional Printed Models for Lateral Skull Base Surgical Training: Anatomy and Simulation of the Transtemporal Approaches., Michael A Mooney, Claudio Cavallo, James J Zhou, Michael A Bohl, Evgenii Belykh, Sirin Gandhi, Sarah McBryan, Shawn M Stevens, Michael T. Lawton, Kaith K Almefty, and Peter Nakaji

Clinical outcomes after revascularization for pediatric moyamoya disease and syndrome: A single-center series, Ramin A. Morshed, Adib A. Abla, Daniel Murph, Jasmin M. Dao, Ethan A. Winkler, Jan Karl Burkhardt, Kathleen Colao, Steven W. Hetts, Heather J. Fullerton, Michael T. Lawton, Nalin Gupta, and Christine K. Fox

Letter: Safety Instructions for Neurosurgeons During COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Recent Knowledge and Experience., Sajjad Muhammad, Rokuya Tanikawa, Michael T. Lawton, Mika Niemelä, and Daniel Hänggi

Letter: Safety Instructions for Neurosurgeons During COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Recent Knowledge and Experience, Sajjad Muhammad, Rokuya Tanikawa, Michael T. Lawton, Mika Niemelä, and Daniel Hänggi

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Association between timing of kyphoplasty and opioid prescribing risk after vertebral fracture, Jay K. Nathan, Mitchell A. Johnson, Jennifer F. Waljee, Nicholas Szerlip, Paul Park, and Mark E. Oppenlander

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A Bibliographic Analysis of the Most Cited Articles in Global Neurosurgery, Milagros Niquen-Jimenez, Danielle Wishart, Roxanna M. Garcia, Nathan A. Shlobin, Julia Steinle, Hannah Weiss, Rebecca A. Reynolds, Sandi Lam, and Gail Rosseau

Revascularization of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery using the occipital artery: A cadaveric study comparing the p3 and p1 recipient sites, Peyton L. Nisson, Xinmin Ding, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Ryan Palsma, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

Revascularization of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Using the Occipital Artery: A Cadaveric Study Comparing the p3 and p1 Recipient Sites., Peyton L Nisson, Xinmin Ding, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Ryan Palsma, Arnau Benet, and Michael T. Lawton

Patients Taking Antithrombotic Medications Present Less Frequently with Ruptured Aneurysms., Peyton L Nisson, Tayebi Meybodi, Timothy W Secomb, Garrett K Berger, Denise J Roe, and Michael T. Lawton

Cigarette smoking and risk of intracranial aneurysms in middle-aged women, Christopher S. Ogilvy, Santiago Gomez-Paz, Kimberly P. Kicielinski, Mohamed M. Salem, Yosuke Akamatsu, Muhammad Waqas, Hamid Hussain Rai, Joshua S. Catapano, Sandeep Muram, Mohammed Elghareeb, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Elad I. Levy, Michael T. Lawton, Alim P. Mitha, Brian L. Hoh, Adam Polifka, W Christopher Fox, Justin M. Moore, and Ajith J. Thomas

Commentary: Artificial Neural Networks to Assess Virtual Reality Anterior Cervical Discectomy Performance., Ifije E Ohiorhenuan and Juan S. Uribe

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Impact of Michigan's new opioid prescribing laws on spine surgery patients: analysis of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative, Paul Park, Victor Chang, Hsueh-Han Yeh, Jason M. Schwalb, David R. Nerenz, Lonni R. Schultz, Muwaffak M. Abdulhak, Richard Easton, Miguelangelo Perez-Cruet, Osama N. Kashlan, Mark E. Oppenlander, Nicholas J. Szerlip, Kevin N. Swong, and Ilyas S. Aleem

Patient-Controlled Analgesia Following Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery Is Associated With Increased Opioid Consumption and Opioid-Related Adverse Events., Arpan A Patel, Corey T Walker, Virginia Prendergast, John J Radosevich, Doneen Grimm, Jakub Godzik, Alexander C Whiting, U Kumar Kakarla, Zaman Mirzadeh, Juan S. Uribe, and Jay D Turner

Prognostic value of the Simpson grading scale in modern meningioma surgery: Barrow Neurological Institute experience, Colin J. Przybylowski, Benjamin K. Hendricks, Fabio A. Frisoli, Xiaochun Zhao, Claudio Cavallo, Leandro Borba Moreira, Sirin Gandhi, Nader Sanai, Kaith K. Almefty, Michael T. Lawton, and Andrew S. Little

Preoperative embolization versus no embolization for WHO grade I intracranial meningioma: a retrospective matched cohort study., Colin J Przybylowski, Xiaochun Zhao, Jacob F Baranoski, Leandro Borba Moreira, Sirin Gandhi, Kristina M Chapple, Kaith K Almefty, Nader Sanai, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Andrew S Little, and Peter Nakaji

Pedicled, vascularized occipital bone graft to supplement atlantoaxial arthrodesis for the treatment of pseudoarthrosis., Edward M Reece, Aditya Vedantam, Sungho Lee, Mohin Bhadkamkar, Matthew Kaufman, Michael A Bohl, Steve W Chang, Randall W Porter, Nicholas Theodore, U Kumar Kakarla, and Alexander E Ropper

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Global Perspectives on Task Shifting and Task Sharing in Neurosurgery, Faith C. Robertson, Ignatius N. Esene, Angelos G. Kolias, Tariq Khan, Gail Rosseau, William B. Gormley, Kee B. Park, and Marike L. Broekman

An Anatomic Feasibility Study for Revascularization of the Ophthalmic Artery, Part I: Intracanalicular Segment., Roberto Rodriguez Rubio, Sirin Gandhi, Vera Vigo, Halima Tabani, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Adib A Abla, Michael T. Lawton, and Arnau Benet

An Anatomical Feasibility Study for Revascularization of the Ophthalmic Artery. Part II: Intraorbital Segment., Roberto Rodriguez Rubio, Vera Vigo, Sirin Gandhi, Halima Tabani, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Ethan A Winkler, Adib A Abla, Michael T. Lawton, and Arnau Benet

Small Aneurysms with Low PHASES Scores Account for Most Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Cases., Caleb Rutledge, Soren Jonzzon, Ethan A Winkler, Daniel Raper, Michael T. Lawton, and Adib A Abla

Cost determinants in management of brain arteriovenous malformations., Caleb Rutledge, Jeffrey Nelson, Alex Lu, Peyton Nisson, Soren Jonzzon, Ethan A Winkler, Daniel Cooke, Adib A Abla, Michael T. Lawton, and Helen Kim

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The impact of age on approach-related complications with navigated lateral lumbar interbody fusion, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Clay M. Elswick, Eleanor Smith, Timothy J. Yee, Michael J. Strong, Kevin Swong, Brandon W. Smith, Mark E. Oppenlander, Osama N. Kashlan, and Paul Park

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Effect of Fenestrated Pedicle Screws with Cement Augmentation in Osteoporotic Patients Undergoing Spinal Fusion, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Kevin N. Swong, Timothy J. Yee, Michael J. Strong, Osama N. Kashlan, Nicholas J. Szerlip, Mark E. Oppenlander, and Paul Park

Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Fixation With Indirect Decompression by Ligamentotaxis in Pathological Fractures., Michael M Safaee, Vinil Shah, Alexander Tenorio, Juan S. Uribe, and Aaron J Clark

National trends in hospital readmission following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions., Kelly A Shaftel, Tyler S Cole, and Andrew S Little

IL (Interleukin)-15 Bridges Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk and Exacerbates Brain Injury Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage., Samuel X Shi, Yu-Jing Li, Kaibin Shi, Kristofer Wood, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Qiang Liu

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A Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technique for Fascia Lata Graft Acquisition and Fascial Reapproximation, Jesse Skoch, Mauricio J. Avila, Vernard S. Fennell, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Ali A. Baaj, and Gerald M. Lemole

A survey of microsurgical technique for extracranial-to-intracranial bypass., Visish M Srinivasan, Christoph J Griessenauer, Ana Rodríguez-Hernández, Edward A M Duckworth, Laurent Thines, Nils Hecht, Peter Kan, Michael T. Lawton, and Jan-Karl Burkhardt

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The feasibility of computer-assisted 3D navigation in multiple-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior instrumentation for adult spinal deformity, Michael J. Strong, Timothy J. Yee, Siri Sahib Khalsa, Yamaan S. Saadeh, Kevin N. Swong, Osama N. Kashlan, Nicholas J. Szerlip, Paul Park, and Mark E. Oppenlander

Quantitative analysis of ipsilateral and contralateral supracerebellar infratentorial and occipital transtentorial approaches to the cisternal pulvinar: Laboratory anatomical investigation, Qing Sun, Xiaochun Zhao, Sirin Gandhi, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Evgenii Belykh, Daniel Valli, Claudio Cavallo, Leandro Borba Moreira, Peter Nakaji, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

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Commentary: Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF): Technique Video: 2-Dimensional Operative Video, Kevin Swong and Mark E. Oppenlander

Neurosurgery Resident Wellness and Recovery from Burnout: A 39-Year Single Institution Experience., Oliver Y Tang, Katherine A Dunn, James S Yoon, Francisco A Ponce, Volker K H Sonntag, and Michael T. Lawton

Arteriovenous Malformations: Congenital or Acquired Lesions?, Anastasia Tasiou, Christos Tzerefos, Cargill H Alleyne, Edoardo Boccardi, Bengt Karlsson, Neil Kitchen, Robert F Spetzler, Christos M Tolias, and Kostas N Fountas

Exposure of the V1 Segment of the Vertebral Artery: Stepwise Cadaveric Surgical Simulation., Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Sirin Gandhi, Joshua C Catapano, Mark C Preul, and Michael T. Lawton

Modern radiosurgical and endovascular classification schemes for brain arteriovenous malformations., Ali Tayebi Meybodi and Michael T. Lawton

Using the Post-Descendens Hypoglossal Nerve in Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis: An Anatomic and Histologic Feasibility Study., Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Leandro Borba Moreira, Xiaochun Zhao, Evgenii Belykh, Michael T. Lawton, Jennifer M Eschbacher, and Mark C Preul

The Inferior Nuchal Line as a Simple Landmark for Identifying the Vertebral Artery During the Retrosigmoid Approach., Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Xiaochun Zhao, Leandro Borba Moreira, Michael T. Lawton, Michael J Lang, Mohamed Labib, and Mark C Preul

Zygomatic-Meatal Perpendicular Projection Lines: Bony Landmarks for Early Identification of the Temporal Horn of the Lateral Ventricle, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Xiaochun Zhao, Leandro Borba Moreira, Michael T. Lawton, and Mark C. Preul

Microsurgical Anatomy of the Meningeal Branch of the Dorsolateral Medullary Plexus., Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Xiaochun Zhao, Leandro Borba Moreira, Mark C Preul, Lea M Alhilali, and Michael T. Lawton

Cerebral Revascularization for Moyamoya Syndrome Associated with Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature on the Role of Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass in Treating Neurologic Manifestations of Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease., Danielle Terrell, Amey R Savardekar, Stephen Garrett Whipple, Rimal H Dossani, Robert F Spetzler, and Hai Sun

Endovascular management of acute postprocedural flow diverting stent thrombosis., Robert Kyle Townsend, Stacey Q Wolfe, Mohammad Anadani, Alejandro Spiotta, Reade De Leacy, J Mocco, Rebecca M Garner, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Andrew F. Ducruet, Peter Kan, and Kyle M Fargen

Commentary: A Comparison of Minimally Invasive and Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Grade 1 Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: An Analysis of the Prospective Quality Outcomes Database., Luis M Tumialán

Commentary: Mini-Open Lateral Corpectomy for Thoracolumbar Junction Lesions., Luis M Tumialán

In Reply: Dimensional Characterization of the Human Cervical Interlaminar Space as a Guide for Safe Application of Minimally Invasive Dilators., Luis M Tumialán

Dimensional Characterization of the Human Cervical Interlaminar Space as a Guide for Safe Application of Minimally Invasive Dilators., Luis M Tumialán, Jennifer N Lehrman, Celene B Mulholland, Bernardo de Andrada Pereira, Anna G U S Newcomb, and Brian P Kelly

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation with a multiple independent constant current-controlled device in Parkinson's disease (INTREPID): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled study., Jerrold L Vitek, Roshini Jain, Lilly Chen, Alexander I Tröster, Lauren E Schrock, Paul A House, Monique L Giroux, Adam O Hebb, Sierra M Farris, Donald M Whiting, Timothy A Leichliter, Jill L Ostrem, Marta San Luciano, Nicholas Galifianakis, Leo Verhagen Metman, Sepehr Sani, Jessica A Karl, Mustafa S Siddiqui, Stephen B Tatter, Ihtsham Ul Haq, Andre G Machado, Michal Gostkowski, Michele Tagliati, Adam N Mamelak, Michael S Okun, Kelly D Foote, Guillermo Moguel-Cobos, Francisco A Ponce, Rajesh Pahwa, Jules M Nazzaro, Cathrin M Buetefisch, Robert E Gross, Corneliu C Luca, Jonathan R Jagid, Gonzalo J Revuelta, Istvan Takacs, Michael H Pourfar, Alon Y Mogilner, Andrew P Duker, George T Mandybur, Joshua M Rosenow, Scott E Cooper, Michael C Park, Suketu M Khandhar, Mark Sedrak, Fenna T Phibbs, Julie G Pilitsis, Ryan J Uitti, and Philip A Starr

Letter to the Editor. Indirect decompression via lateral interbody fusion for patients with severe degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis., Andrew C Vivas, Gregory M Mundis, and Juan S. Uribe

Carotid artery occlusion and revascularization in the management of meningioma, Brian P. Walcott and Michael T. Lawton

Implementation of a Standardized Multimodal Postoperative Analgesia Protocol Improves Pain Control, Reduces Opioid Consumption, and Shortens Length of Hospital Stay After Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion., Corey T Walker, David M Gullotti, Virginia Prendergast, John J Radosevich, Jakub Godzik, Tyler S Cole, Jakub Godzik, Arpan A Patel, Alexander C Whiting, Andrew S Little, Juan S. Uribe, U Kumar Kakarla, and Jay D Turner

Neuroanesthesia Guidelines for Optimizing Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Neuromonitoring During Deformity and Complex Spinal Surgery: A Delphi Consensus Study., Corey T Walker, Han Jo Kim, Paul Park, Lawrence G Lenke, Mark A Weller, Justin S Smith, Edward C Nemergut, Daniel M Sciubba, Michael Y Wang, Christopher Shaffrey, Vedat Deviren, Praveen V Mummaneni, Joyce M Chang, Valli P Mummaneni, Khoi D Than, Pedro Berjano, Robert K Eastlack, Gregory M Mundis, Adam S Kanter, David O Okonkwo, John H Shin, Jason M Lewis, Tyler Koski, Daniel J Hoh, Steven D Glassman, Susan B Vinci, Alan H Daniels, Claudia F Clavijo, Jay D Turner, Marc McLawhorn, and Juan S. Uribe

Commentary: Anterior Column Realignment: Analysis of Neurological Risk and Radiographic Outcomes., Corey T Walker and Juan S Uribe

Comparison of Awake and Asleep Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: A Detailed Analysis Through Literature Review., Jun Wang, Francisco A Ponce, Jun Tao, Hong-Mei Yu, Ji-Yuan Liu, Yun-Jie Wang, Guo-Ming Luan, and Shao-Wu Ou

Intermediate-term clinical and radiographic outcomes with less invasive adult spinal deformity surgery: patients with a minimum follow-up of 4 years., Michael Y Wang, Paul Park, Stacie Tran, Neel Anand, Pierce Nunley, Adam Kanter, Richard Fessler, Juan S. Uribe, Robert Eastlack, Christopher I Shaffrey, Shay Bess, Gregory M Mundis, G Damian Brusko, and Praveen V Mummaneni

Minimally Invasive Spinal Deformity Surgery: Analysis of Patients Who Fail to Reach Minimal Clinically Important Difference., Michael Y Wang, Juan S. Uribe, Praveen V Mummaneni, Stacie Tran, G Damian Brusko, Paul Park, Pierce Nunley, Adam Kanter, David Okonkwo, Neel Anand, Dean Chou, Christopher I Shaffrey, Kai-Ming Fu, Gregory M Mundis, and Robert Eastlack

Timing of Lateral Lumbar Interbody Subsidence: Review of Exclusive Intraoperative Subsidence., Joshua T Wewel, Cory Hartman, and Juan S. Uribe

Commentary: Surgical Treatment of Flat Back Syndrome With Anterior Hyperlordotic Cages., Joshua T Wewel and Juan S. Uribe

Retropleural Thoracic Approach., Joshua T Wewel and Juan S. Uribe

Laser interstitial thermal therapy for epileptogenic periventricular nodular heterotopia., Alexander C Whiting, Justin R Bingaman, Joshua S Catapano, Benjamin B Whiting, Jakub Godzik, Corey T Walker, and Kris A Smith