The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2020

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T cells producing GM-CSF and IL-13 are enriched in the cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing MS patients, Laura Ghezzi, Claudia Cantoni, Francesca Cignarella, Bryan Bollman, Anne H. Cross, Amber Salter, Daniela Galimberti, Marina Cella, and Laura Piccio

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Symmetric dimethylation of poly-GR correlates with disease duration in C9orf72 FTLD and ALS and reduces poly-GR phase separation and toxicity, Lauren M. Gittings, Steven Boeynaems, Daniel Lightwood, Alison Clargo, Sarfaraj Topia, Lisa Nakayama, Claire Troakes, David M. Mann, Aaron D. Gitler, Tammaryn Lashley, and Adrian M. Isaacs

Recent advances in understanding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and emerging therapies, Lauren M. Gittings and Rita Sattler

Optimizing biomechanics of anterior column realignment for minimally invasive deformity correction., Jakub Godzik, Bernardo de Andrada Pereira, Anna G U S Newcomb, Jennifer N Lehrman, Gregory M Mundis, Randall J Hlubek, Juan S. Uribe, Brian P. Kelly, and Jay D Turner

A multi-center study of neurofilament assay reliability and inter-laboratory variability, Elizabeth Gray, Patrick Oeckl, Maria D.M. Amador, Ulf Andreasson, Jiyan An, Kaj Blennow, Robert Bowser, Maxim De Schaepdryver, Amanda Heslegrave, Jens Kuhle, Aleksandra Maceski, Marleen Koel-Simmelink, Foudil Lamari, Vittoria Lombardi, Andrea Malaspina, Irina Nilsson, Koen Poesen, François Salachas, Petra Steinacker, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Philip Van Damme, Henrik Zetterberg, Albert Ludolph, Andreas Jeromin, Martin R. Turner, and Markus Otto

Expression profiling of precuneus layer III cathepsin D-immunopositive pyramidal neurons in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for neuronal signaling vulnerability., Bin He, Sylvia E Perez, Sang H Lee, Stephen D Ginsberg, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Performance of standardized relative CBV for quantifying regional histologic tumor burden in recurrent high-grade glioma: Comparison against normalized relative CBV using image-localized stereotactic biopsies, J. M. Hoxworth, J. M. Eschbacher, A. C. Gonzales, K. W. Singleton, G. D. Leon, K. A. Smith, A. M. Stokes, Y. Zhou, G. L. Mazza, A. B. Porter, M. M. Mrugala, R. S. Zimmerman, B. R. Bendok, D. P. Patra, C. Krishna, J. L. Boxerman, L. C. Baxter, K. R. Swanson, C. C. Quarles, K. M. Schmainda, and L. S. Hu

Longitudinal biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Fen Huang, Yuda Zhu, Jennifer Hsiao-Nakamoto, Xinyan Tang, Jason C. Dugas, Miriam Moscovitch-Lopatin, Jonathan D. Glass, Robert H. Brown, Shafeeq S. Ladha, David Lacomis, Jeffrey M. Harris, Kimberly Scearce-Levie, Carole Ho, Robert Bowser, and James D. Berry

Smartphone-based meditation for myeloproliferative neoplasm patients: Feasibility study to inform future trials, Jennifer Huberty, Ryan Eckert, Linda Larkey, Jonathan Kurka, Sue A.Rodriguez De Jesus, Wonsuk Yoo, and Ruben Mesa

Directed Connectivity Analysis of the Neuro-Cardio- and Respiratory Systems Reveals Novel Biomarkers of Susceptibility to SUDEP, T Noah Hutson, Farnaz Rezaei, Nicole M. Gautier, Jagadeeswaran Indumathy, Edward Glasscock, and Leonidas Iasemidis

Neurothrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Across Clinical Trial Design and Technique: A Single Center Pooled Analysis, Tudor G. Jovin, Shashvat M. Desai, Amin Aghaebrahim, Andrew F. Ducruet, Dan-Victor Giurgiutiu, Bradley A. Gross, Maxim Hammer, Brian T. Jankowitz, Mouhammad A. Jumaa, Cynthia Kenmuir, Guillermo Linares, Vivek Reddy, Marcelo Rocha, Matthew Starr, Viktoria Totoraitis, Lawrence Wechsler, Syed Zaidi, and Ashutosh P. Jadhav

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Norepinephrine metabolite DOPEGAL activates AEP and pathological Tau aggregation in locus coeruleus., Seong Su Kang, Xia Liu, Eun Hee Ahn, Jie Xiang, Fredric P Manfredsson, Xifei Yang, Hongbo R Luo, L Cameron Liles, David Weinshenker, and Keqiang Ye

ZPR1 prevents R-loop accumulation, upregulates SMN2 expression and rescues spinal muscular atrophy, Annapoorna Kannan, Xiaoting Jiang, Lan He, Saif Ahmad, and Laxman Gangwani

Morphological Changes in Astrocytes by Self-Oxidation of Dopamine to Polydopamine and Quantification of Dopamine through Multivariate Regression Analysis of Polydopamine Images, Anik Karan, Elnaz Khezerlou, Farnaz Rezaei, Leon Iasemidis, and Mark A. DeCoster

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Overexpression of activin receptor-like kinase 1 in endothelial cells suppresses development of arteriovenous malformations in mouse models of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Yong Hwan Kim, Phuong Nhung Vu, Se Woon Choe, Chang Jin Jeon, Helen M. Arthur, Calvin P.H. Vary, Young Jae Lee, and S. Paul Oh

Evaluation of abnormal styloid anatomy as a cause of internal jugular vein compression using a 3D-printed model: a laboratory investigation., Jennifer N Lehrman, Mohan Narayanan, Claudio Cavallo, Anna G U S Newcomb, Xiaochun Zhao, Brian P. Kelly, Neil R Crawford, and Peter Nakaji

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Regional binding of tau and amyloid PET tracers in Down syndrome autopsy brain tissue, L. Lemoine, A. Ledreux, E. J. Mufson, S. E. Perez, G. Simic, E. Doran, I. Lott, S. Carroll, K. Bharani, S. Thomas, A. Gilmore, E. D. Hamlett, A. Nordberg, and A. C. Granholm

Fe Porphyrin-Based SOD Mimic and Redox-Active Compound, (OH)FeTnHex-2-PyP, in a Rodent Ischemic Stroke (MCAO) Model: Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics as Compared to Its Mn Analogue, (HO)MnTnHex-2-PyP, Litao Li, Artak Tovmasyan, Huaxin Sheng, Bin Xu, Romulo S. Sampaio, Julio S. Reboucas, David S. Warner, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Ivan Spasojevic

Incidence and predictors of calcified cerebral emboli detected in patients who underwent endovascular procedures., Takuma Maeda, Tomoya Kamide, Yuichiro Kikkawa, Hiroki Kurita, and Shinya Kohyama

A Case of Internal Carotid Artery Dissection with Ischemic Onset, Followed by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage during Diagnostic Angiography., Takuma Maeda, Tetsu Satow, Eika Hamano, Naoki Hashimura, Junpei Koge, Kanta Tanaka, Takeshi Yoshimoto, Manabu Inoue, Masatoshi Koga, Masaki Nishimura, and Jun C Takahashi

Clinical Outcome of Elderly Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Validation of Modality Assignment Based on Aneurysmal Morphology and Location., Takuma Maeda, Tetsu Satow, Go Ikeda, Eika Hamano, Naoki Hashimura, Takeshi Hara, Masatake Sumi, Masaki Nishimura, and Jun C Takahashi

Braak Stage, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, and Cognitive Decline in Early Alzheimer's Disease., Michael Malek-Ahmadi, Sylvia E Perez, Kewei Chen, and Elliott J. Mufson

The Future of GDNF in Parkinson's Disease, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Nicole K. Polinski, Thyagarajan Subramanian, Nicholas Boulis, Dustin R. Wakeman, and Ronald J. Mandel

Cocaine potently blocks neuronal α, Ze-Gang Ma, Nan Jiang, Yuan-Bing Huang, Xiao-Kuang Ma, Jason Brek Eaton, Ming Gao, Yong-Chang Chang, Ronald J. Lukas, Paul Whiteaker, Janet Neisewander, and Jie Wu

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Intravenously Administered, Retinoid Activating Nanoparticles Increase Lifespan and Reduce Neurodegeneration in the SOD1, David X. Medina, Eugene P Chung, Collin D Teague, Robert Bowser, and Rachael W Sirianni

Spatial Mechanisms for Segregation of Competing Sounds, and a Breakdown in Spatial Hearing, John C. Middlebrooks and Michael F. Waters

Neurosurgical Management of Cancer Facial Pain, Zaman Mirzadeh, John P. Sheehy, Sharona Ben-Haim, and William S. Rosenberg

TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4) Mediates the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture., Kazuha Mitsui, Taichi Ikedo, Yoshinobu Kamio, Hajime Furukawa, Michael T. Lawton, and Tomoki Hashimoto

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Involvement of Senescence and Mitochondrial Fission in Endothelial Cell Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype Induced by Angiotensin II, Masashi Miyao, Stephanie Cicalese, Tatsuo Kawai, Hannah A. Cooper, Michael J. Boyer, Katherine J. Elliott, Steven J. Forrester, Ryohei Kuroda, Victor Rizzo, Tomoki Hashimoto, Rosario Scalia, and Satoru Eguchi

TMEM100 is a key factor for specification of lymphatic endothelial progenitors, Eun Hye Moon, Yong Hwan Kim, Phuong Nhung Vu, Hyunjin Yoo, Kwonho Hong, Young Jae Lee, and S. Paul Oh

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking in Neurodegeneration., Stephen Moore, Benjamin E Rabichow, and Rita Sattler

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Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer's disease., Marta Moreno-Rodriguez, Sylvia E Perez, Muhammad Nadeem, Michael Malek-Ahmadi, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Identifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of molecularly-distinct glioblastoma sub-populations, Bethan Morris, Lee Curtin, Andrea Hawkins-Daarud, Matthew E. Hubbard, Ruman Rahman, Stuart J. Smith, Dorothee Auer, Nhan L. Tran, Leland S. Hu, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, Kris A. Smith, Ashley Stokes, Kristin R. Swanson, and Markus R. Owen

Remote Ischemic Post-Conditioning Therapy is Protective in Mouse Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy, Muhammad Nadeem, Adam Kindelin, Laura Mahady, Kanchan Bhatia, Md Nasrul Hoda, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Saif Ahmad

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Targeting Molecular Mechanism of Vascular Smooth Muscle Senescence Induced by Angiotensin II, A Potential Therapy via Senolytics and Senomorphics, Keisuke Okuno, Stephanie Cicalese, Katherine J. Elliott, Tatsuo Kawai, Tomoki Hashimoto, and Satoru Eguchi

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Length-dependent MRI of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies., Michael Pridmore, Ryan Castoro, Megan Simmons McCollum, Hakmook Kang, Jun Li, and Richard Dortch

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Truncated stathmin-2 is a marker of TDP-43 pathology in frontotemporal dementia., Mercedes Prudencio, Jack Humphrey, Sarah Pickles, Anna-Leigh Brown, Sarah E Hill, Jennifer M Kachergus, J Shi, Michael G Heckman, Matthew R Spiegel, Casey Cook, Yuping Song, Mei Yue, Lillian M Daughrity, Yari Carlomagno, Karen Jansen-West, Cristhoper Fernandez de Castro, Michael DeTure, Shunsuke Koga, Ying-Chih Wang, Prasanth Sivakumar, Cristian Bodo, Ana Candalija, Kevin Talbot, Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj, Karen Burr, Siddharthan Chandran, Jia Newcombe, Tammaryn Lashley, Isabel Hubbard, Demetra Catalano, Duyang Kim, Nadia Propp, Samantha Fennessey, Delphine Fagegaltier, Hemali Phatnani, Maria Secrier, Elizabeth Mc Fisher, Björn Oskarsson, Marka van Blitterswijk, Rosa Rademakers, Neil R Graff-Radford, Bradley F Boeve, David S Knopman, Ronald C Petersen, Keith A Josephs, E Aubrey Thompson, Towfique Raj, Michael Ward, Dennis W Dickson, Tania F Gendron, Pietro Fratta, Leonard Petrucelli, and Robert Bowser

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Preclinical testing of a novel niclosamide stearate prodrug therapeutic (NSPT) shows efficacy against osteosarcoma, Gireesh B. Reddy, David L. Kerr, Ivan Spasojevic, Artak Tovmasyan, David S. Hsu, Brian E. Brigman, Jason A. Somarelli, David Needham, and William C. Eward

Correcting Smad1/5/8, mTOR, and VEGFR2 treats pathology in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia models., Santiago Ruiz, Haitian Zhao, Pallavi Chandakkar, Julien Papoin, Hyunwoo Choi, Aya Nomura-Kitabayashi, Radhika Patel, Matthew Gillen, Li Diao, Prodyot K Chatterjee, Mingzhu He, Yousef Al-Abed, Ping Wang, Christine N Metz, S Paul Oh, Lionel Blanc, Fabien Campagne, and Philippe Marambaud

Correcting Smad1/5/8, mTOR, and VEGFR2 treats pathology in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia models, Santiago Ruiz, Haitian Zhao, Pallavi Chandakkar, Julien Papoin, Hyunwoo Choi, Aya Nomura-Kitabayashi, Radhika Patel, Matthew Gillen, Li Diao, Prodyot K. Chatterjee, Mingzhu He, Yousef Al-Abed, Ping Wang, Christine N. Metz, S. Paul Oh, Lionel Blanc, Fabien Campagne, and Philippe Marambaud

Identification of a pathogenic intronic KIF5A mutation in an ALS-FTD kindred, Sara Saez-Atienzar, Clifton L. Dalgard, Jinhui Ding, Adriano Chiò, Camile Alba, Dan N. Hupalo, Matthew D. Wilkerson, Robert Bowser, Erik P. Pioro, Richard Bedlack, and Bryan J. Traynor

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Global alterations to the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, J. Saul, E. Hutchins, R Reiman, M Saul, L W. Ostrow, B T. Harris, K Van Keuren-Jensen, R Bowser, and N Bakkar

Variations among human lumbar spine segments and their relationships to in vitro biomechanics: A retrospective analysis of 281 motion segments from 85 cadaveric spines, Anna G.U. Sawa, Jennifer N. Lehrman, Neil R. Crawford, and Brian P. Kelly

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A practical method for multimodal registration and assessment of whole-brain disease burden using PET, MRI, and optical imaging, Matthew L. Scarpelli, Debbie R. Healey, Shwetal Mehta, Vikram D. Kodibagkar, and Christopher C. Quarles

Striatal Nurr1 Facilitates the Dyskinetic State and Exacerbates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease, Rhyomi C. Sellnow, Kathy Steece-Collier, Feras Altwal, Ivette M. Sandoval, Jeffrey H. Kordower, Timothy J. Collier, Caryl E. Sortwell, Anthony R. West, and Fredric P. Manfredsson

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Further understanding the connection between Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome, Heather M. Snyder, Lisa J. Bain, Adam M. Brickman, Maria C. Carrillo, Anna J. Esbensen, Joaquin M. Espinosa, Fabian Fernandez, Juan Fortea, Sigan L. Hartley, Elizabeth Head, James Hendrix, Priya S. Kishnani, Florence Lai, Patrick Lao, Cynthia Lemere, William Mobley, Elliott J. Mufson, Huntington Potter, Shahid H. Zaman, Ann Charlotte Granholm, H. Diana Rosas, Andre Strydom, Michelle Sie Whitten, and Michael S. Rafii

Striatal Nurr1, but not FosB expression links a levodopa-induced dyskinesia phenotype to genotype in Fisher 344 vs. Lewis hemiparkinsonian rats, Kathy Steece-Collier, Timothy J. Collier, Jack W. Lipton, Jennifer A. Stancati, Mary E. Winn, Allyson Cole-Strauss, Rhyomi Sellnow, Melissa M. Conti, Natosha M. Mercado, Eduardo A. Nillni, Caryl E. Sortwell, Fredric P. Manfredsson, and Christopher Bishop

Systematic assessment of multi-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI using a digital reference object., A. Stokes, Natenael B Semmineh, Ashley Nespodzany, Laura C Bell, and C. Quarles

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YAP-dependent necrosis occurs in early stages of Alzheimer's disease and regulates mouse model pathology., Hikari Tanaka, Hidenori Homma, Kyota Fujita, Kanoh Kondo, Shingo Yamada, Xiaocen Jin, Masaaki Waragai, Gaku Ohtomo, Atsushi Iwata, Kazuhiko Tagawa, Naoki Atsuta, Masahisa Katsuno, Naoki Tomita, Katsutoshi Furukawa, Yuko Saito, Takashi Saito, Ayaka Ichise, Shinsuke Shibata, Hiroyuki Arai, Takaomi Saido, Marius Sudol, Shin-Ichi Muramatsu, Hideyuki Okano, Elliott J. Mufson, Gen Sobue, Shigeo Murayama, and Hitoshi Okazawa

Antibacterial Activity of Synthetic Cationic Iron Porphyrins, Artak Tovmasyan, Ines Batinic-Haberle, and Ludmil Benov

Neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate neurological deficits after traumatic brain injury, Kumar Vaibhav, Molly Braun, Katelyn Alverson, Hesam Khodadadi, Ammar Kutiyanawalla, Ayobami Ward, Christopher Banerjee, Tyler Sparks, Aneeq Malik, Mohammad H. Rashid, Mohammad Badruzzaman Khan, Michael F. Waters, David C. Hess, Ali S. Arbab, John R. Vender, Nasrul Hoda, Babak Baban, and Krishnan M. Dhandapani

Robotic Spine Surgery: Current State in Minimally Invasive Surgery, Chau D. Vo, Bowen Jiang, Tej D. Azad, Neil R. Crawford, Ali Bydon, and Nicholas Theodore

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Cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of chitinase proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and expression of CHI3L1 in activated astrocytes., Lucas Vu, Jiyan An, Tina Kovalik, Tania Gendron, Leonard Petrucelli, and Robert Bowser

Surgical Approaches to Stroke Risk Reduction, Michael F. Waters

Optimizing Next-Generation Care Systems for Stroke, D Andrew Wilkinson, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, and Andrew F. Ducruet

Patterns and disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake for young female adolescents among U.S. States: NIS-teen (2008–2016), Wonsuk Yoo, Alexis Koskan, Matthew Scotch, Heidi Pottinger, Warner K. Huh, and Deborah Helitzer

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CRISPR-mediated gene correction links the ATP7A M1311V mutations with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis in one individual., Yeomin Yun, Sung-Ah Hong, Ka-Kyung Kim, Daye Baek, Dongsu Lee, Ashwini M Londhe, Minhyung Lee, Jihyeon Yu, Zachary T McEachin, Gary J Bassell, Robert Bowser, Chadwick M Hales, Sung-Rae Cho, Janghwan Kim, Ae Nim Pae, Eunji Cheong, Sangwoo Kim, Nicholas M Boulis, Sangsu Bae, and Yoon Ha

Submissions from 2019

Neuropathological Correlates Of Amyloid Pet Imaging In Down Syndrome, Eric E. Abrahamson, Elizabeth Head, Ira T. Lott, Benjamin L. Handen, Elliott J. Mufson, Bradley T. Christian, William E. Klunk, and Milos D. Ikonomovic

Connectivity and Centrality Characteristics of the Epileptogenic Focus Using Directed Network Analysis, Joshua A. Adkinson, Bharat Karumuri, Timothy N. Hutson, Rui Liu, Omar Alamoudi, Ioannis Vlachos, and Leonidas Iasemidis

The Role of Complement C3a Receptor in Stroke, Saif Ahmad, Kanchan Bhatia, Adam Kindelin, and Andrew F. Ducruet

Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Complement Activation and Cell Death in Brain Endothelial Cells Following OGD/Reperfusion, Saif Ahmad, Shah Alam Khan, Adam Kindelin, Tasha Mohseni, Kanchan Bhatia, Md Nasrul Hoda, and Andrew F. Ducruet

C3a receptor inhibition protects brain endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, Saif Ahmad, Adam Kindelin, Shah Alam Khan, Maaz Ahmed, Md Nasrul Hoda, Kanchan Bhatia, and Andrew F. Ducruet

First spine surgery utilizing real-time image-guided robotic assistance, A. Karim Ahmed, Corinna C. Zygourakis, Samuel Kalb, Alex M. Zhu, Camilo A. Molina, Bowen Jiang, Ari M. Blitz, Ali Bydon, Neil R. Crawford, and Nicholas Theodore

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Approaches to Multimodality Monitoring in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury, Brian Appavu, Brian T. Burrows, Stephen Foldes, and P David Adelson

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Clinical trials for pediatric traumatic brain injury: definition of insanity?, Brian Appavu, Stephen T. Foldes, and P David Adelson

Shared polygenic risk and causal inferences in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Sara Bandres-Ciga, Alastair J. Noyce, Gibran Hemani, Aude Nicolas, Andrea Calvo, Gabriele Mora, Alessandro Arosio, Marco Barberis, Ilaria Bartolomei, Stefania Battistini, Michele Benigni, Giuseppe Borghero, Maura Brunetti, Stefania Cammarosano, Antonino Cannas, Antonio Canosa, Margherita Capasso, Claudia Caponnetto, Carla Caredda, Paola Carrera, Federico Casale, Sebastiano Cavallaro, Adriano Chiò, Tiziana Colletti, Francesca L. Conforti, Amelia Conte, Lucia Corrado, Emanuela Costantino, Sandra D'Alfonso, Antonio Fasano, and Cinzia Femiano

Flow-Diverter Stent With an Incorporated Flow Sensor-The Integration of a Treatment and Diagnostic Device for Intracranial Aneurysms, Jacob F. Baranoski and Andrew F. Ducruet

Nanoparticle-Facilitated Delivery of Antioxidant Therapy following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Jacob F. Baranoski and Andrew F. Ducruet

Recent Advances in Basic Research for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation, Leandro Barbosa Do Prado, Chul Han, S. Paul Oh, and Hua Su

Evaluating Multisite Rcbv Consistency From Dsc-Mri Imaging Protocols And Postprocessing Software Across The Nci Quantitative Imaging Network Sites Using A Digital Reference Object (Dro), Laura C. Bell, Natenael Semmineh, Hongyu An, Cihat Eldeniz, Richard Wahl, Kathleen M. Schmainda, Melissa A. Prah, Bradley J. Erickson, Panagiotis Korfiatis, Chengyue Wu, Anna G. Sorace, Thomas E. Yankeelov, Neal Rutledge, Thomas L. Chenevert, Dariya Malyarenko, Yichu Liu, Andrew Brenner, Lel S. Hu, Yuxiang Zhou, Jerrold L. Boxerman, Yi Fen Yen, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Andrew L. Beers, Mark Muzi, Ananth J. Madhuranthakam, Marco Pinho, Brian Johnson, and C. Chad Quarles

Analysis Of Postprocessing Steps For Residue Function Dependent Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (Dsc)-Mri Biomarkers And Their Clinical Impact On Glioma Grading For Both 1.5 And 3T, Laura C. Bell, Ashley M. Stokes, and C. Chad Quarles

Neurofilaments in pre-symptomatic ALS and the impact of genotype., Michael Benatar, Joanne Wuu, Vittoria Lombardi, Andreas Jeromin, Robert Bowser, Peter M Andersen, and Andrea Malaspina

Basic Concepts in Viral Vector-Mediated Gene Therapy, Matthew J. Benskey, Ivette M. Sandoval, Kathryn Miller, Rhyomi L. Sellnow, Aysegul Gezer, Nathan C. Kuhn, Roslyn Vashon, and Fredric P. Manfredsson

Revisiting How the Brain Senses Glucose-And Why, Marie Aare Bentsen, Zaman Mirzadeh, and Michael W. Schwartz

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Resting-state fMRI in disorders of consciousness to facilitate early therapeutic intervention, Varina L. Boerwinkle, Salvatore J. Torrisi, Stephen T. Foldes, Iris Marku, Manish Ranjan, Angus A. Wilfong, and P David Adelson

Biomechanical Testing of a 3D-printed L5 Vertebral Body Model, Michael A. Bohl, Clinton D. Morgan, Michael A. Mooney, Garrett J. Repp, Jennifer N. Lehrman, Brian P. Kelly, Steve W. Chang, Jay D. Turner, and U Kumar Kakarla

ALSUntangled 48: Perampanel (Fycompa)., Robert Bowser

ALSUntangled No. 47: RT001., Robert Bowser

ALSUntangled 46: penicillin G/hydrocortisone., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled no. 49: resveratrol., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

ALSUntangled No. 50: Antifungal Therapy., Robert Bowser and ALSUntangled Group

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Not only cancer: the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 affects the repertoire of alternatively spliced transcripts and circular RNAs in multiple sclerosis, Giulia Cardamone, Elvezia M. Paraboschi, Giulia Soldà, Claudia Cantoni, Domenico Supino, Laura Piccio, Stefano Duga, and Rosanna Asselta

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm rupture of the anterior cerebral artery after placement of an external ventricular drain, treated with clip-wrapping: a case report and review of the literature, Joshua S. Catapano, Michaela Lee, Damjan Veljanoski, Alexander C. Whiting, Scott Brigeman, Clinton D. Morgan, Mohamed A. Labib, Andrew F. Ducruet, and Peter Nakaji

Highlights of the 13th International Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Scientific conference, Hyunwoo Choi, Miles B. Conrad, S. Paul Oh, Beth L. Roman, and Andrew J. White

The MS4A gene cluster is a key modulator of soluble TREM2 and Alzheimer's disease risk, Yuetiva Deming, Fabia Filipello, Francesca Cignarella, Claudia Cantoni, Simon Hsu, Robert Mikesell, Zeran Li, Jorge L Del-Aguila, Umber Dube, Fabiana Geraldo Farias, Joseph Bradley, John Budde, Laura Ibanez, Maria Victoria Fernandez, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Amanda Heslegrave, Per M Johansson, Johan Svensson, Bengt Nellgård, Alberto Lleo, Daniel Alcolea, Jordi Clarimon, Lorena Rami, José Luis Molinuevo, Marc Suárez-Calvet, Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez, Gernot Kleinberger, Michael Ewers, Oscar Harari, Christian Haass, Thomas J Brett, Bruno A Benitez, Celeste M Karch, Laura Piccio, and Carlos Cruchaga

Mutations in Chromatin Modifier and Ephrin Signaling Genes in Vein of Galen Malformation, Daniel Duran, Xue Zeng, Sheng Chih Jin, Jungmin Choi, Carol Nelson-Williams, Bogdan Yatsula, Jonathan Gaillard, Charuta Gavankar Furey, Qiongshi Lu, Andrew T. Timberlake, Weilai Dong, Michelle A. Sorscher, Erin Loring, Jennifer Klein, August Allocco, Ava Hunt, Sierra Conine, Jason K. Karimy, Mark W. Youngblood, Jinwei Zhang, Michael L. DiLuna, Charles C. Matouk, Shrikant Mane, Irina R. Tikhonova, Christopher Castaldi, Francesc López-Giráldez, James Knight, Shozeb Haider, Mariya Soban, Seth L. Alper, Masaki Komiyama, and Andrew F. Ducruet

Organized Social Activity, Physical Exercise, and the Risk of Insomnia Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Yohannes W. Endeshaw and Wonsuk Yoo

Pazopanib may reduce bleeding in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Marie E. Faughnan, James R. Gossage, Murali M. Chakinala, S. Paul Oh, Raj Kasthuri, Christopher C.W. Hughes, Justin P. McWilliams, Joseph G. Parambil, Nicholas Vozoris, Jill Donaldson, Gitanjali Paul, Pamela Berry, and Dennis L. Sprecher

Alpha6-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Is A Highly Sensitive Target Of Alcohol, Fenfei Gao, Dejie Chen, Xiaokuang Ma, Sterling Sudweeks, Jordan T. Yorgason, Ming Gao, Dharshaun Turner, Jason Brek Eaton, J. Michael McIntosh, Ronald J. Lukas, Paul Whiteaker, Yongchang Chang, Scott C. Steffensen, and Jie Wu

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) And Trkb Hippocampal Gene Expression Are Putative Predictors Of Neuritic Plaque And Neurofibrillary Tangle Pathology, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Michael H. Malek-Ahmadi, Melissa J. Alldred, Yinghua Chen, Kewei Chen, Moses V. Chao, Scott E. Counts, and Elliott J. Mufson

Selective Decline Of Neurotrophin And Neurotrophin Receptor Genes Within Ca1 Pyramidal Neurons And Hippocampus Proper: Correlation With Cognitive Performance And Neuropathology In Mild Cognitive Impairment And Alzheimer'S Disease, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Michael H. Malek-Ahmadi, Melissa J. Alldred, Shaoli Che, Irina Elarova, Yinghua Chen, Freddy Jeanneteau, Thorsten M. Kranz, Moses V. Chao, Scott E. Counts, and Elliott J. Mufson

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Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins R and Q accumulate in pathological inclusions in FTLD-FUS, Lauren M. Gittings, Sandrine C. Foti, Bridget C. Benson, Priya Gami-Patel, Adrian M. Isaacs, and Tammaryn Lashley

Biomechanical Evaluation Of Cervicothoracic Junction Fusion Constructs, Jakub Godzik, Jonathan F. Dalton, Eduardo Martinez-del-Campo, Anna G.U.S. Newcomb, Felix Dominguez, Phillip M. Reyes, Nicholas Theodore, Brian P. Kelly, and Neil R. Crawford

Supplemental Rods Are Needed To Maximally Reduce Rod Strain Across The Lumbosacral Junction With Tlif But Not Alif In Long Constructs, Jakub Godzik, Randall J. Hlubek, Anna G.U.S. Newcomb, Jennifer N. Lehrman, Bernardo de Andrada, S. Harrison Farber, Lawrence G. Lenke, Brian P. Kelly, and Jay D. Turner

Impact Of Connector Placement And Design On Bending Stiffness Of Spinal Constructs, Jakub Godzik, Nick Hool, Jonathan F. Dalton, Alexander C. Whiting, Anna G.U.S. Newcomb, Brian P. Kelly, and Neil R. Crawford

Tailoring selection of transforaminal interbody spacers based on biomechanical characteristics and surgical goals: evaluation of an expandable spacer., Jakub Godzik, Jennifer N Lehrman, Anna G U S Newcomb, Ram Kumar Menon, Alexander C Whiting, Brian P. Kelly, and Laura A Snyder

A clinical comparison of Atlas and LVIS Jr stent-assisted aneurysm coiling, Bradley A. Gross, William J. Ares, Andrew F. Ducruet, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Tudor G. Jovin, and Brian Thomas Jankowitz

Exosome Release And Cargo In Down Syndrome, Eric D. Hamlett, Angela LaRosa, Elliott J. Mufson, Juan Fortea, Aurélie Ledreux, and Ann Charlotte Granholm

Iliac Screws May Not Be Necessary In Long-Segment Constructs With L5€“S1 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Cadaveric Study Of Stability And Instrumentation Strain, Randall J. Hlubek, Jakub Godzik, Anna G.U.S. Newcomb, Jennifer N. Lehrman, Bernardo de Andrada, Michael A. Bohl, Samuel H. Farber, Brian P. Kelly, and Jay D. Turner

Translating Preclinical Mri Methods To Clinical Oncology, David A. Hormuth, Anna G. Sorace, John Virostko, Richard G. Abramson, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Pedro Enriquez-Navas, Robert Gillies, John D. Hazle, Ralph P. Mason, C. Chad Quarles, Jared A. Weis, Jennifer G. Whisenant, Junzhong Xu, and Thomas E. Yankeelov