The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.
Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.
Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.
Submissions from 2015
Fluid Dynamic Characterization of a Novel Branching Anastomosis Design, Rodney Samuelson, Priya Nair, Kenneth Snyder, David Frakes, Mark C. Preul, Peter Nakaji, and Robert F. Spetzler
Inhibition of pathological brain angiogenesis through systemic delivery of AAV vector expressing soluble FLT1, F. Shen, L. Mao, W. Zhu, M. T. Lawton, P. Pechan, P. Colosi, Z. Wu, A. Scaria, and H. Su
Protective Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture, Kenji Shimada, Hajime Furukawa, Kosuke Wada, Masaaki Korai, Yuan Wei, Yoshiteru Tada, Atsushi Kuwabara, Fumiaki Shikata, Keiko T. Kitazato, Shinji Nagahiro, Michael T. Lawton, and Tomoki Hashimoto
Angiotensin-(1-7) protects against the development of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice, Kenji Shimada, Hajime Furukawa, Kosuke Wada, Yuan Wei, Yoshiteru Tada, Atsushi Kuwabara, Fumiaki Shikata, Yasuhisa Kanematsu, Michael T. Lawton, Keiko T. Kitazato, Shinji Nagahiro, and Tomoki Hashimoto
One Fusion Two Pathologies: It Works, Volker K.H. Sonntag
Surgical Skills: How Can They be Assessed?, Volker K.H. Sonntag
The Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial: 6-Year Results, Robert F. Spetzler, Cameron G. McDougall, Joseph M. Zabramski, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Nancy K. Hills, Jonathan J. Russin, Shahram Partovi, Peter Nakaji, and Robert C. Wallace
Postnatal Growth of the Human Pons: A Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Analysis, Matthew C. Tate, Robert A. Lindquist, Thuhien Nguyen, Nader Sanai, A. James Barkovich, Eric J. Huang, David H. Rowitch, and Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
Dual Origin of Extradural Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery From Vertebral and Occipital Arteries: Anatomic Case Report, Ali Tayebi Meybodi, Michael T. Lawton, and Arnau Benet
Time for Barbados after ARUBA trial, Mario Teo, Jerome St. George, and Michael T. Lawton
Prospective Evaluation of a Low-Dose Radiation Fluoroscopy Protocol for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion, Luis M. Tumialán, Justin C. Clark, Laura A. Snyder, Gary Jasmer, and Frederick F. Marciano
Health Burden of Adult Spinal Deformity Compared With Other Chronic Diseases, Jay D. Turner, Corey T. Walker, Gregory M. Mundis, and Udaya Kumar Kakarla
Distributed Representation of Visual Objects by Single Neurons in the Human Brain, André B. Valdez, Megan H. Papesh, David M. Treiman, Kris A. Smith, Stephen D. Goldinger, and Peter N. Steinmetz
Radiation Exposure in Scoliosis Surgery: Freehand Technique Versus Image Guidance, Corey T. Walker and Jay D. Turner
Endovascular treatment of severe acute basilar artery occlusion, Liang Wang, Wanchao Shi, Zhiguo Su, Xiaozhi Liu, Hua Su, Jun Liu, Zhenlin Liu, and Michael T. Lawton
Isolated left homonymous hemianopia secondary to a pericatheter cyst - A rare presentation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure, Jordan D. Watkins, Janet Lee, Meagan J. Van Engen, McKenzie L. Tibbs, Dilantha B. Ellegala, and Joyce S. Nicholas
Augmented microscopy: real-time overlay of bright-field and near-infrared fluorescence images, Jeffrey R. Watson, Christian F. Gainer, Nikolay Martirosyan, Jesse Skoch, G Michael Lemole, Rein Anton, and Marek Romanowski
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Ruptured Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms: A Comparative Analysis, Richard W. Williamson, David A. Wilson, Adib A. Abla, Cameron G. McDougall, Peter Nakaji, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Robert F. Spetzler
The Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Petroclival Lesions: A Useful Adjunct to Traditional Skull Base Approaches, Ernest Wright and Robert F. Spetzler
Cerebral Peduncle Tumor Ablated By Novel 3-MM Laser Tip, David S. Xu, Amy Rosenfeld, Francisco A. Ponce, Peter Nakaji, and Ratan D. Bhardwaj
Adult mouse venous hypertension model: common carotid artery to external jugular vein anastomosis, Shun-Tai Yang, Ana Rodriguez-Hernandez, Espen J. Walker, William L. Young, Hua Su, and Michael T. Lawton
Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: surgical strategies, technical nuances and clinical outcomes., Hasan A Zaidi, Al-Wala Awad, Shakeel A Chowdhry, David J Fusco, Peter Nakaji, and Robert F Spetzler
Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Supracerebellar-Infratentorial Surgery of the Pineal Region: Anatomical Comparison of Four Variant Approaches, Hasan A. Zaidi, Ali M. Elhadi, Ting Lei, Mark C. Preul, Andrew S. Little, and Peter Nakaji
Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Predictors of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus After Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in the Brat Trial: Revisiting the Clip vs Coil Debate, Hasan A. Zaidi, Andrew Montoure, Ali Elhadi, Peter Nakaji, Cameron G. McDougall, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Robert F. Spetzler, and Joseph M. Zabramski
Submissions from 2014
Subtemporal-medial transpetrous (Kawase) approach for anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm clipping: operative 3-dimensional video, Adib A. Abla, Michael E. Ivan, and Michael T. Lawton
Comment, Adib A. Abla and Michael T. Lawton
Current treatment strategies for cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysms, Adib A. Abla and Michael T. Lawton
Indocyanine green angiography for cerebral aneurysm surgery: Advantages, limitations, and neurosurgeon intuition, Adib A. Abla and Michael T. Lawton
Prenidal aneurysm rupture with posterior fossa AVMs, Adib A. Abla and Michael T. Lawton
Revascularization for unclippable posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: Extracranial-intracranial or intracranial-intracranial bypass?, Adib A. Abla and Michael T. Lawton
Cerebellomedullary fissure dissection and tonsillar mobilization: a gateway to lesions around the medulla, Adib A. Abla and Michael T. Lawton
Editorial: Prenidal aneurysm rupture with posterior fossa AVMs, Adib A. Abla and Michael T. Lawton
Intracranial aneurysm formation following radiation, Adib A. Abla, Michael T. Lawton, and Michael W. McDermott
The Art of Basilar Apex Aneurysm Surgery: Is it Sustainable in the Future?, Adib A. Abla, Michael T. Lawton, and Robert F. Spetzler
The natural history of AVM hemorrhage in the posterior fossa: Comparison of hematoma volumes and neurological outcomes in patients with ruptured infra- and supratentorial AVMs, Adib A. Abla, Jeffrey Nelson, W. Caleb Rutledge, William L. Young, Helen Kim, and Michael T. Lawton
A treatment paradigm for high-grade brain arteriovenous malformations: volume-staged radiosurgical downgrading followed by microsurgical resection, Adib A. Abla, William Caleb Rutledge, Zachary A. Seymour, Diana Guo, Helen Kim, Nalin Gupta, Penny K. Sneed, Igor J. Barani, David Larson, Michael W. McDermott, and Michael T. Lawton
The Relationship Between Ruptured Aneurysm Location Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Clot Thickness and Incidence of Radiographic or Symptomatic Vasospasm in Patients Enrolled in a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial: Clinical Article, Adib A. Abla, David A. Wilson, Richard W. Williamson, Peter Nakaji, Cameron G. Mcdougall, Joseph M. Zabramski, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Robert F. Spetzler
Optic Chiasm Compression From Mass Effect and Thrombus Formation Following Unsuccessful Treatment of a Giant Supraclinoid Ica Aneurysm With the Pipeline Device: Open Surgical Bailout With Sta-Mca Bypass and Parent Vessel Occlusion: Case Report, Adib A. Abla, Hasan A. Zaidi, R. Webster Crowley, Gavin W. Britz, Cameron G. McDougall, Felipe C. Albuquerque, and Robert F. Spetzler
Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture and Pregnancy: Is it a Risk or are We Risk Averse?, Felipe C. Albuquerque
Bridging Treatment and Stroke, Felipe C. Albuquerque
On Endothelial Cells and Aneurysms, Felipe C. Albuquerque
Transvenous to Arterial Onyx Embolization, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Andrew F. Ducruet, R. Webster Crowley, Ruth E. Bristol, Azam Ahmed, and Cameron G. McDougall
Management of Giant Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms, Kaith K. Almefty and Robert F. Spetzler
Training Aneurysm Surgeons in the Modern Era, Rami O. Almefty and Robert F. Spetzler
Commentary: Unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: What a tangled web they weave, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Gavin Britz, E. Sander Connolly, Murat Gunel, Sean D. Lavine, Michael T. Lawton, Joel Macdonald, Christopher S. Ogilvy, and Charles J. Prestigiacomo
Novel embalming solution for neurosurgical simulation in cadavers, Arnau Benet, Jordina Rincon-Torroella, Michael T. Lawton, and J J. González Sánchez
Surgical Techniques for Unclippable Fusiform A2-Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms and Description of a Frontopolar-to-A2 Bypass, Peng Roc Chen, Adib A. Abla, Cameron G. McDougall, Robert F. Spetzler, and Felipe C. Albuquerque
Genealogy of Training in Vascular Neurosurgery, Shakeel A. Chowdhry and Robert F. Spetzler
Multi-Institutional Neurosurgical Training Initiative at a Tertiary Referral Center in Mwanza, Tanzania: Where We Are after 2 Years, Jan Coburger, Lewis Z. Leng, David G. Rubin, Gerald Mayaya, Ricky Medel, Isidor Ngayomela, Dilantha Ellegala, Marcel E. Durieux, Joyce Nicholas, and Roger Härtl
Novel Application of a Balloon-Anchoring Technique for the Realignment of a Prolapsed Pipeline Embolization Device: A Technical Report, R. Webster Crowley, Adib A. Abla, Andrew F. Ducruet, Cameron G. McDougall, and Felipe C. Albuquerque
Lateral transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion: Outcomes and deformity correction, Nader S. Dahdaleh, Zachary A. Smith, Laura A. Snyder, Randall B. Graham, Richard G. Fessler, and Tyler R. Koski
Advances in open microsurgery for cerebral aneurysms, Jason M. Davies and Michael T. Lawton
Neurosurgical capacity building in the developing world through focused training, Dilantha B. Ellegala, Lauren Simpson, A. M.O. Emanuel Mayegga, Emanuel Nuwas, Hayte Samo, A. M.O. Naftal Naman, Doyle B. Word, and Joyce S. Nicholas
Multidisciplinary consensus on assessment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: Proposal of an international research group, Nima Etminan, Kerim Beseoglu, Daniel L. Barrow, Joshua Bederson, Robert D. Brown, E. Sander Connolly, Colin P. Derdeyn, Daniel Hänggi, David Hasan, Seppo Juvela, Hidetoshi Kasuya, Peter J. Kirkpatrick, Neville Knuckey, Timo Koivisto, Giuseppe Lanzino, Michael T. Lawton, Peter Leroux, Cameron G. McDougall, Edward Mee, J. Mocco, Andrew Molyneux, Michael K. Morgan, Kentaro Mori, Akio Morita, Yuichi Murayama, Shinji Nagahiro, Alberto Pasqualin, Andreas Raabe, Jean Raymond, Gabriel J.E. Rinkel, Daniel Rüfenacht, and Volker Seifert
In vivo visualization of GL261-luc2 mouse glioma cells by use of Alexa Fluor-labeled TRP-2 antibodies, Kathryn E. Fenton, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Mohammed G. Abdelwahab, Stephen W. Coons, Mark C. Preul, and Adrienne C. Scheck
Sulforhodamine 101 selectively labels human astrocytoma cells in an animal model of glioblastoma, Joseph F. Georges, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Jennifer Eschbacher, Joshua Nichols, Maya Tissot, Mark C. Preul, Burt Feuerstein, Trent Anderson, Robert F. Spetzler, and Peter Nakaji
Label-free microscopic assessment of glioblastoma biopsy specimens prior to biobanking [corrected], Joseph Georges, Aqib Zehri, Elizabeth Carlson, Joshua Nichols, Michael A. Mooney, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Layla Ghaffari, M Yashar Kalani, Jennifer Eschbacher, Burt Feuerstein, Trent Anderson, Mark C. Preul, Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen, and Peter Nakaji
Management of asymptomatic cervical spinal stenosis in the setting of symptomatic tandem lumbar stenosis: a review, George M. Ghobrial, Mark E. Oppenlander, Christopher M. Maulucci, Matthew Viereck, Srinivas Prasad, Ashwini D. Sharan, and James S. Harrop
Intraoperative vancomycin use in spinal surgery: single institution experience and microbial trends, George M. Ghobrial, Vismay Thakkar, Edward Andrews, Michael Lang, Ameet Chitale, Mark E. Oppenlander, Christopher M. Maulucci, Ashwini D. Sharan, Joshua Heller, James S. Harrop, Jack Jallo, and Srinivas Prasad
Efficacy of intraoperative vancomycin powder use in intrathecal baclofen pump implantation procedures: single institutional series in a high risk population, George M. Ghobrial, Vismay Thakkar, Saurabh Singhal, Mark E. Oppenlander, Christopher M. Maulucci, James S. Harrop, Jack Jallo, Srinivas Prasad, Michael Saulino, and Ashwini D. Sharan
Brainstem arteriovenous malformations: anatomical subtypes, assessment of "occlusion in situ" technique, and microsurgical results, Seunggu J. Han, Dario J. Englot, Helen Kim, and Michael T. Lawton
Patient Outcomes and Surgical Complications in Coccidioidomycosis-Related Hydrocephalus: An Institutional Review, Douglas A. Hardesty, Wyatt Ramey, Mohammad Afrasiabi, Brian Beck, Omar Gonzalez, Ana Moran, and Peter Nakaji
Safety Efficacy and Cost of Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Angiography Compared to Intraoperative Catheter Angiography in Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery, Douglas A. Hardesty, Harjot Thind, Joseph M. Zabramski, Robert F. Spetzler, and Peter Nakaji
Influence of patient age on angioarchitecture of brain arteriovenous malformations, Steven W. Hetts, D. L. Cooke, J. Nelson, N. Gupta, H. Fullerton, M. R. Amans, J. A. Narvid, P. Moftakhar, H. McSwain, C. F. Dowd, R. T. Higashida, V. V. Halbach, M. T. Lawton, and H. Kim
Revascularization and Aneurysm Surgery: Techniques Indications and Outcomes in the Endovascular Era, M. Yashar S. Kalani, Wyatt Ramey, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Cameron G. McDougall, Peter Nakaji, Joseph M. Zabramski, and Robert F. Spetzler
Is cerebrovascular neurosurgery sacrificed on the altar of RCTs?, Miikka Korja, Juha Hernesniemi, Michael T. Lawton, Robert F. Spetzler, and Michael K. Morgan
Management of brain arteriovenous malformations, Michael T. Lawton and Adib A. Abla
Hyperosmolar and methotrexate therapy avoiding surgery in the acute presentation of primary central nervous system lymphoma, Bryan S. Lee, Rupa G. Juthani, Andrew T. Healy, David M. Peereboom, and Violette M. Recinos
Endoscopic Surgery of the Posterior Fossa: Strengths and Limitations, Andrew S. Little, Kaith K. Almefty, and Robert F. Spetzler
Comparative Inpatient Resource Utilization for Patients Undergoing Endoscopic or Microscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Lesions: Clinical Article, Andrew S. Little, Kristina Chapple, Heidi Jahnke, and William L. White
Pseudopapilledema and association with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, Betty Liu, Rory K. Murphy, Deanna Mercer, Lawrence Tychsen, and Matthew D. Smyth
Vascular remodeling after ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials, Jialing Liu, Yongting Wang, Yosuke Akamatsu, Chih Cheng Lee, R. Anne Stetler, Michael T. Lawton, and Guo Yuan Yang
Human Placenta Aneurysm Model for Training Neurosurgeons in Vascular Microsurgery, Marcelo Oliveira Magaldi, Arthur Nicolato, Joao V. Godinho, Marcilea Santos, Andre Prosdocimi, Jose A. Malheiros, Ting Lei, Evgenii Belykh, Rami O. Almefty, Kaith K. Almefty, Mark C. Preul, Robert F. Spetzler, and Peter Nakaji
Potential application of a handheld confocal endomicroscope imaging system using a variety of fluorophores in experimental gliomas and normal brain, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Joseph Georges, Jennifer M. Eschbacher, Daniel D. Cavalcanti, Ali M. Elhadi, Mohammed G. Abdelwahab, Adrienne C. Scheck, Peter Nakaji, Robert F. Spetzler, and Mark C. Preul
Arachnoiditis ossificans: clinical series and review of the literature, Christopher M. Maulucci, George M. Ghobrial, Mark E. Oppenlander, Adam E. Flanders, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and James S. Harrop
Predictors of Functional Recovery in Adults With Posterior Fossa Ependymomas: Clinical Article, Zaman Mirzadeh, Robert Bina, Yael Kusne, Stephen W. Coons, Robert F. Spetzler, and Nader Sanai
Validation of CT-MRI Fusion for Intraoperative Assessment of Stereotactic Accuracy in DBS Surgery, Zaman Mirzadeh, Kristina Chapple, Meg Lambert, Rohit Dhall, and Francisco A. Ponce
Constitutively active Notch4 receptor elicits brain arteriovenous malformations through enlargement of capillary-like vessels, Patrick A. Murphy, Tyson N. Kim, Lawrence Huang, Corinne M. Nielsen, Michael T. Lawton, Ralf H. Adams, Chris B. Schaffer, and Rong A. Wang
Bilateral ophthalmic segment aneurysm clipping with one craniotomy: operative technique and results, Osman Arikan Nacar, Ana Rodrıguez-Hernandez, Mustafa Onur Ulu, Ruben Rodrıguez-Mena, and Michael T. Lawton
The Necessity of Technical Excellence and Safety in Ec-Ic Bypass Surgery, Peter Nakaji
Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass and the Versatile Vertebral Artery, Peter Nakaji and Evgenii Belykh
Intravertebral polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of anterior cervical discectomy fusion and plating in the setting of osteoporosis., Mark E Oppenlander, Robert Bina, Laura A Snyder, and Curtis A Dickman
Pediatric craniovertebral junction trauma, Mark E. Oppenlander, Justin C. Clark, Volker K H Sonntag, and Nicholas Theodore
Technical advances in pediatric craniovertebral junction surgery, Mark E. Oppenlander, James Kalyvas, Volker K. Sonntag, and Nicholas Theodore
En bloc resection of upper thoracic chordoma via a combined simultaneous anterolateral thoracoscopic and posterior approach, Mark E. Oppenlander, Christopher M. Maulucci, George M. Ghobrial, Nathaniel R. Evans, James S. Harrop, and Srinivas K. Prasad
Research in spinal surgery: Evaluation and practice of evidence-based medicine, Mark E. Oppenlander, Christopher M. Maulucci, George M. Ghobrial, and James S. Harrop
An Extent of Resection Threshold for Recurrent Glioblastoma and its Risk for Neurological Morbidity: Clinical Article, Mark E. Oppenlander, Andrew B. Wolf, Laura A. Snyder, Robert Bina, Jeffrey R. Wilson, Stephen W. Coons, Lynn S. Ashby, David Brachman, Peter Nakaji, Randall W. Porter, Kris A. Smith, Robert F. Spetzler, and Nader Sanai
Advances in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease: Early and "Asleep"?, Francisco A. Ponce
Deep arteriovenous malformations in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and insula: Multimodality management, patient selection, and results, Matthew B. Potts, Arman Jahangiri, Maxwell Jen, Penny K. Sneed, Michael W. McDermott, Nalin Gupta, Steven W. Hetts, William L. Young, and Michael T. Lawton
Stereotactic radiosurgery at a low marginal dose for the treatment of pediatric arteriovenous malformations: obliteration, complications, and functional outcomes, Matthew B. Potts, Sunil A. Sheth, Jonathan Louie, Matthew D. Smyth, Penny K. Sneed, Michael W. McDermott, Michael T. Lawton, William L. Young, Steven W. Hetts, Heather J. Fullerton, and Nalin Gupta
A hierarchical model for the development of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, Wyatt L. Ramey, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Joseph M. Zabramski, Robert F. Spetzler, and M Yashar Kalani
Endoscopic Approach to Colloid Cyst: What is the Optimal Entry Point and Trajectory?, Leonardo Rangel-Castilla, Fangxiang Chen, Lawrence Choi, Justin C. Clark, and Peter Nakaji
Contemporary Management of Spinal AVFS and AVMS: Lessons Learned From 110 Cases, Leonardo Rangel-Castilla, Jonathan J. Russin, Hasan A. Zaidi, Eduardo Martinez-del-Campo, Min S. Park, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Cameron G. McDougall, Peter Nakaji, and Robert F. Spetzler
End-to-end reanastomosis technique for fusiform aneurysms: 3-dimensional operative video, Ana Rodríguez-Hernández and Michael T. Lawton
Microsurgical technique for posterior inferior cerebellar artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery in situ bypass: 3-dimensional operative video, Ana Rodríguez-Hernández and Michael T. Lawton
Left retrosigmoid craniotomy for cavernous malformation of the middle cerebellar peduncle., Jonathan Russin, David J Fusco, and Robert F Spetzler
Strategies for management and outcomes of arteriovenous malformations, Jonathan J. Russin, Robert F. Spetzler, Steven Giannotta, Fredric B. Meyer, Michael T. Lawton, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol
Introduction: Strategies for management and outcomes of arteriovenous malformations, Jonathan J. Russin, Robert F. Spetzler, Steven Giannotta, Fredric B. Meyer, Michael T. Lawton, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol
Treatment and outcomes of ARUBA-eligible patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations at a single institution, W. Caleb Rutledge, Adib A. Abla, Jeffrey Nelson, Van V. Halbach, Helen Kim, and Michael T. Lawton
Hemorrhage Rates and Risk Factors in the Natural History Course of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations, W. Caleb Rutledge, Nerissa U. Ko, Michael T. Lawton, and Helen Kim