The Barrow Neurological Institute is proud of its reputation as a medical research facility and is home to some of the most sophisticated research programs outside of an academic setting in the Southwestern United States. Researchers in the Barrow Neurosurgery Research Center are devoted to learning more about the causes of and treatments for a wide range of disorders, such as stroke, aneurysms, spinal cord injury, and hydrocephalus. Our research has led to treatments that are being used around the world. Within the Department are neurosurgeons who subspecialize in cerebrovascular and skull base, functional and stereotactic, pediatric, spine, tumor, and endovascular neurosurgery.

Physicians, scientists, and expert clinical staff come together with a commitment to developing new techniques for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological illnesses and injuries. The leadership of internationally respected physicians keeps Barrow at the forefront of neuroscience. The compassionate expertise of its extensive staff of nurses, technologists, therapists and support personnel is evident in every aspect of care provided.

Our mission is to advance the knowledge and practice of medicine in neuroscience through basic and clinical research, education of medical professionals, and innovation in clinical techniques and technology.

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Submissions from 2021

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Assessment of Trends in Guideline-Based Oral Anticoagulant Prescription for Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in China, Hong-Qiu Gu, Xin Yang, Chun-Juan Wang, Xing-Quan Zhao, Yi-Long Wang, Li-Ping Liu, Xia Meng, Yong Jiang, Hao Li, Chelsea Liu, Yun-Yun Xiong, Gregg C. Fonarow, David Wang, Ying Xian, Zi-Xiao Li, and Yong-Jun Wang

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Stress hyperglycemia may have higher risk of stroke recurrence than previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus, Yuzhou Guo, Guangyao Wang, Jing Jing, Anxin Wang, Xiaoli Zhang, Xia Meng, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, Hao Li, David Wang, Yongjun Wang, and Yilong Wang

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Clinicopathological Correlation: Dopamine and Amyloid PET Imaging with Neuropathology in Three Subjects Clinically Diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease or Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Harsh V. Gupta, Thomas G. Beach, Shyamal H. Mehta, Holly A. Shill, Erika Driver-Dunckley, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Christine M. Belden, Carolyn Liebsack, Brittany N. Dugger, Geidy E. Serrano, Lucia I. Sue, Andrew Siderowf, Michael J. Pontecorvo, Mark A. Mintun, Abhinay D. Joshi, and Charles H. Adler

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Drug repurposing for COVID-19 based on an integrative meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 induced gene signature in human airway epithelium, Rajaneesh K. Gupta, Enyinna L. Nwachuku, Benjamin E. Zusman, Ruchira M. Jha, and Ava M. Puccio

Cross-Sectional Exploration of Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: Early Data from the Longitudinal Investigation for Enhancing Down Syndrome Research (LIFE-DSR) Study, James A. Hendrix, David C. Airey, Angela Britton, Anna D. Burke, George T. Capone, Ronelyn Chavez, Jacqueline Chen, Brian Chicoine, Alberto C.S. Costa, Jeffrey L. Dage, Eric Doran, Anna Esbensen, Casey L. Evans, Kelley M. Faber, Tatiana M. Foroud, Sarah Hart, Kelsey Haugen, Elizabeth Head, Suzanne Hendrix, Hampus Hillerstrom, Priya S. Kishnani, Kavita Krell, Duvia Lara Ledesma, Florence Lai, Ira Lott, Cesar Ochoa-Lubinoff, Jennifer Mason, Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson, and Nicholas Kyle Proctor

American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology: 2021 Version, Lawrence J. Hirsch, Michael W.K. Fong, Markus Leitinger, Suzette M. LaRoche, Sandor Beniczky, Nicholas S. Abend, Jong Woo Lee, Courtney J. Wusthoff, Cecil D. Hahn, M. Brandon Westover, Elizabeth E. Gerard, Susan T. Herman, Hiba Arif Haider, Gamaleldin Osman, Andres Rodriguez-Ruiz, Carolina B. Maciel, Emily J. Gilmore, Andres Fernandez, Eric S. Rosenthal, Jan Claassen, Aatif M. Husain, Ji Yeoun Yoo, Elson L. So, Peter W. Kaplan, Marc R. Nuwer, Michel van Putten, Raoul Sutter, Frank W. Drislane, Eugen Trinka, and Nicolas Gaspard

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Excessive White Matter Hyperintensity Increases Susceptibility to Poor Functional Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke, Sungmin Hong, Anne-Katrin Giese, Markus D. Schirmer, Anna K. Bonkhoff, Martin Bretzner, Pamela Rist, Adrian V. Dalca, Robert W. Regenhardt, Mark R. Etherton, Kathleen L. Donahue, Marco Nardin, Steven J. Mocking, Elissa C. McIntosh, John Attia, Oscar R. Benavente, John W. Cole, Amanda Donatti, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Laura Heitsch, Lukas Holmegaard, Katarina Jood, Jordi Jimenez-Conde, Jaume Roquer, Steven J. Kittner, Robin Lemmens, Christopher R. Levi, Caitrin W. McDonough, James F. Meschia, Chia-Ling Phuah, Arndt Rolfs, and Stefan Ropele

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Higher CSF sTNFR1-related proteins associate with better prognosis in very early Alzheimer’s disease, William T. Hu, Tugba Ozturk, Alexander Kollhoff, Whitney Wharton, J. Christina Howell, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Richard J. Perrin, Leslie M. Shaw, Zaven Kachaturian, Maria Carrillo, William Potter, Lisa Barnes, Marie Bernard, Hector González, Carole Ho, John K. Hsiao, Eliezer Masliah, Donna Masterman, Ozioma Okonkwo, Laurie Ryan, Nina Silverberg, and Adam Fleisher

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Correction to: Pain Trajectories Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage are Associated with Continued Opioid Use at Outpatient Follow-Up, Matthew N. Jaffa, Ruchira M. Jha, Jonathan Elmer, Adam Kardon, Jamie E. Podell, Benjamin E. Zusman, Madeleine C. Smith, J Marc Simard, Gunjan Y. Parikh, Michael J. Armahizer, Neeraj Badjatia, and Nicholas A. Morris

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Pain Trajectories Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage are Associated with Continued Opioid Use at Outpatient Follow-up, Matthew N. Jaffa, Ruchira M. Jha, Jonathan Elmer, Adam Kardon, Jamie E. Podell, Benjamin E. Zusman, Madeleine C. Smith, J Marc Simard, Gunjan Y. Parikh, Michael J. Armahizer, Neeraj Badjatia, and Nicholas A. Morris

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Glibenclamide Treatment in Traumatic Brain Injury: Operation Brain Trauma Therapy, Ruchira M. Jha, Stefania Mondello, Helen M. Bramlett, C Edward Dixon, Deborah A. Shear, W Dalton Dietrich, Kevin K. Wang, Zhihui Yang, Ronald L. Hayes, Samuel M. Poloyac, Philip E. Empey, Audrey D. Lafrenaye, Hong Q. Yan, Shaun W. Carlson, John T. Povlishock, Janice S. Gilsdorf, and Patrick M. Kochanek

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Neurocritical Care Updates in Cerebrovascular Disease, Ruchira M. Jha and Kevin N. Sheth

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Genetic Variants Associated With Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage Progression After Traumatic Brain Injury, Ruchira M. Jha, Benjamin E. Zusman, Ava M. Puccio, David O. Okonkwo, Matthew Pease, Shashvat M. Desai, Matthew Leach, Yvette P. Conley, and Patrick M. Kochanek

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Psychosis, Parunyou Julayanont and Uma Suryadevara

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The Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric for External Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery, Valerie Juniat, George M. Saleh, Milind Naik, Jeffrey Nerad, Vinod Gauba, Martin H. Devoto, Farzad Pakdel, and Karl C. Golnik

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome, Douglas I. Katz, Charles Bernick, David W. Dodick, Jesse Mez, Megan L. Mariani, Charles H. Adler, Michael L. Alosco, Laura J. Balcer, Sarah J. Banks, William B. Barr, David L. Brody, Robert C. Cantu, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Yonas E. Geda, Barry D. Jordan, Thomas W. McAllister, Elaine R. Peskind, Ronald C. Petersen, Jennifer V. Wethe, Ross D. Zafonte, Éimear M. Foley, Debra J. Babcock, Walter J. Koroshetz, Yorghos Tripodis, Ann C. McKee, Martha E. Shenton, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Eric M. Reiman, and Robert A. Stern

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The Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric for Intravitreal Injections (ICO-OSCAR:IVI), Sieh Yean Kiew, Ian Yew Yeo, Karl C. Golnik, María A. Muriel-Herrero, Vanesa Fuertes-Barahona, and Andrzej Grzybowski

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A Phase 2 Study of Dose-intensified Chemoradiation Using Biologically Based Target Volume Definition in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma, Michelle M. Kim, Yilun Sun, Madhava P. Aryal, Hemant A. Parmar, Morand Piert, Benjamin Rosen, Charles S. Mayo, James M. Balter, Matthew Schipper, Nicolette Gabel, Emily M. Briceño, Daekeun You, Jason Heth, Wajd Al-Holou, Yoshie Umemura, Denise Leung, Larry Junck, Daniel R. Wahl, Theodore S. Lawrence, and Yue Cao

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Fluid therapy after brain injury: the pendulum swings again, Patrick M. Kochanek and Ruchira M. Jha

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Physical Activity and Trajectory of Cognitive Change in Older Persons: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, Janina Krell-Roesch, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Jelena Bezold, Sandra Trautwein, Bettina Barisch-Fritz, Klaus Boes, Alexander Woll, Erica Forzani, Walter K. Kremers, Mary M. Machulda, Michelle M. Mielke, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Maria Vassilaki, and Yonas E. Geda

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Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the outcome of cognitive trajectories in older adults free of dementia: The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, Janina Krell-Roesch, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Mary M. Machulda, Teresa J. Christianson, Walter K. Kremers, Michelle M. Mielke, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Maria Vassilaki, and Yonas E. Geda

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Association of Cortical and Subcortical β-Amyloid With Standardized Measures of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Adults Without Dementia, Janina Krell-Roesch, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Martin Rakusa, Prashanthi Vemuri, Mary M. Machulda, Walter K. Kremers, Michelle M. Mielke, Val J. Lowe, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Gorazd B. Stokin, Ronald C. Petersen, Maria Vassilaki, and Yonas E. Geda

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Cerebrovascular disease in women, Aditya Kumar and Louise McCullough

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Practical recommendations for timely, accurate diagnosis of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (MCI and dementia) in primary care: a review and synthesis, J. L. Liss, S. Seleri Assunção, J. Cummings, A. Atri, D. S. Geldmacher, S. F. Candela, D. P. Devanand, H. M. Fillit, J. Susman, J. Mintzer, T. Bittner, S. A. Brunton, D. R. Kerwin, W. C. Jackson, G. W. Small, G. T. Grossberg, C. K. Clevenger, V. Cotter, R. Stefanacci, A. Wise-Brown, and M. N. Sabbagh

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China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II (CATIS-2): rationale and design, Liping Liu, Yilong Wang, Xuewei Xie, Dacheng Liu, Aili Wang, Penglian Wang, Suwen Shen, Chongke Zhong, Yufei Wei, Tan Xu, Yuesong Pan, Yong Jiang, Xia Meng, David Wang, Yonghong Zhang, Jiang He, and Yongjun Wang

Radiologic Analysis of Balloon Sinuplasty in a Human Cadaver Model: Observed Effects on Sinonasal Anatomy, Erin M. Lopez, Zainab Farzal, Meghan Norris, Michael W. Canfarotta, Andrew K. Pappa, Griffin D. Santarelli, Stephen C. Hernandez, Brian D. Thorp, Brent A. Senior, Adam M. Zanation, Charles S. Ebert, Julia S. Kimbell, and Adam J. Kimple

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The Utility of the Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status in Patients with Temporal and Non-temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Moshe Maiman, Victor A. Del Bene, Eileen Farrell, William S. MacAllister, Sloane Sheldon, Miguel Arce Rentería, Mitchell Slugh, Deana M. Gazzola, and William B. Barr

A Comparison of Sphenoid Sinus Osteoneogenesis in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease, Madison J. Malfitano, Griffin D. Santarelli, Mark Gelpi, William C. Brown, Wesley H. Stepp, Stephen Hernandez, Adam J. Kimple, Brian D. Thorp, Adam M. Zanation, and Charles S. Ebert

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Is Levodopa Response a Valid Indicator of Parkinson's Disease?, W R. Martin, Michael Miles, Qiaonan Zhong, Johanna Hartlein, Brad A. Racette, Scott A. Norris, Mwiza Ushe, Baijayanta Maiti, Susan Criswell, Albert A. Davis, Paul T. Kotzbauer, Nigel J. Cairns, Richard J. Perrin, and Joel S. Perlmutter

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Late-onset rapidly progressive MRI- negative-myelitis after COVID-19 illness, Anza B. Memon, Rami Al-Hader, Suresh Patel, Shaneela Malik, Mary Megally, Kara L. Steijlen, Ritika R. Suri, and John Corrigan

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KL-VS heterozygosity is associated with lower amyloid-dependent tau accumulation and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease, Julia Neitzel, Nicolai Franzmeier, Anna Rubinski, Martin Dichgans, Matthias Brendel, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Charles DeCArli, and Bret Borowski

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Mapping autonomic, mood and cognitive effects of hypothalamic region deep brain stimulation, Clemens Neudorfer, Gavin J.B. Elias, Martin Jakobs, Alexandre Boutet, Jürgen Germann, Keshav Narang, Aaron Loh, Michelle Paff, Andreas Horn, Walter Kucharczyk, Wissam Deeb, Bryan Salvato, Leonardo Almeida, Kelly D. Foote, Paul B. Rosenberg, David F. Tang-Wai, William S. Anderson, Zoltan Mari, Francisco A. Ponce, David A. Wolk, Anna D. Burke, Stephen Salloway, Marwan N. Sabbagh, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Gwenn S. Smith, Constantine G. Lyketsos, Michael S. Okun, and Andres M. Lozano

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Solvent exposed occupations and risk of Parkinson disease in Finland, Susan Searles Nielsen, Mark N. Warden, Markku Sallmén, Markku Sainio, Sanni Uuksulainen, Harvey Checkoway, Christer Hublin, and Brad A. Racette

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Investigating cognition in midlife, Jan S. Novotný, Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas, Jose R. Medina-Inojosa, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Yonas E. Geda, and Gorazd B. Stokin

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Toward a global and reproducible science for brain imaging in neurotrauma: the ENIGMA adult moderate/severe traumatic brain injury working group, Alexander Olsen, Talin Babikian, Erin D. Bigler, Karen Caeyenberghs, Virginia Conde, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Ekaterina Dobryakova, Helen Genova, Jordan Grafman, Asta K. Håberg, Ingrid Heggland, Torgeir Hellstrøm, Cooper B. Hodges, Andrei Irimia, Ruchira M. Jha, Paula K. Johnson, Vassilis E. Koliatsos, Harvey Levin, Lucia M. Li, Hannah M. Lindsey, Abigail Livny, Marianne Løvstad, John Medaglia, David K. Menon, Stefania Mondello, Martin M. Monti, Virginia F. Newcombe, Agustin Petroni, Jennie Ponsford, David Sharp, Gershon Spitz, and Lars T. Westlye

Long-term survival of participants in the CENTAUR trial of sodium phenylbutyrate-taurursodiol in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Sabrina Paganoni, Suzanne Hendrix, Samuel P. Dickson, Newman Knowlton, Eric A. Macklin, James D. Berry, Michael A. Elliott, Samuel Maiser, Chafic Karam, James B. Caress, Margaret Ayo Owegi, Adam Quick, James Wymer, Stephen A. Goutman, Daragh Heitzman, Terry D. Heiman-Patterson, Carlayne E. Jackson, Colin Quinn, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Edward J. Kasarskis, Jonathan Katz, Liberty Jenkins, Shafeeq Ladha, Timothy M. Miller, Stephen N. Scelsa, Tuan H. Vu, Christina N. Fournier, Jonathan D. Glass, Kristin M. Johnson, Andrea Swenson, and Namita A. Goyal

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The International Council of Ophthalmology Ophthalmic clinical evaluation exercise, Ana G. Palis, Jesús Barrio-Barrio, Eduardo P. Mayorga, Ilhem Mili-Boussen, Christelle D. Noche, Meenakshi Swaminathan, and Karl C. Golnik

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Polymorphisms and Clopidogrel Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Minor Stroke or TIA, Yuesong Pan, Runqi Wangqin, Hao Li, Yilong Wang, Xia Meng, S Claiborne Johnston, Tabassome Simon, Jinxi Lin, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, David Wang, and Yongjun Wang

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NIA-AA Alzheimer's Disease Framework: Clinical Characterization of Stages, Ronald C. Petersen, Heather J. Wiste, Stephen D. Weigand, Julie A. Fields, Yonas E. Geda, Jonathan Graff-Radford, David S. Knopman, Walter K. Kremers, Val Lowe, Mary M. Machulda, Michelle M. Mielke, Nikki H. Stricker, Terry M. Therneau, Prashanthi Vemuri, and Clifford R. Jack

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A longitudinal investigation of Aβ, anxiety, depression, and mild cognitive impairment, Anna Pink, Janina Krell-Roesch, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Maria Vassilaki, Val J. Lowe, Prashanthi Vemuri, Gorazd B. Stokin, Teresa J. Christianson, Walter K. Kremers, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, and Yonas E. Geda

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Dementia with Lewy bodies: emerging drug targets and therapeutics, Evans D. Pope, Laura Cordes, Jiong Shi, Zoltan Mari, Boris Decourt, and Marwan Noel Sabbagh

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Diagnosis of Early Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical Practice in 2021, A. P. Porsteinsson, R. S. Isaacson, Sean Knox, M. N. Sabbagh, and I. Rubino

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Depression and anxiety in a manganese-exposed community, Brad A. Racette, Gill Nelson, Wendy W. Dlamini, Tamara Hershey, Pradeep Prathibha, Jay R. Turner, Harvey Checkoway, Lianne Sheppard, and Susan Searles Nielsen

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Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure, Brad A. Racette, Gill Nelson, Wendy W. Dlamini, Pradeep Prathibha, Jay R. Turner, Mwiza Ushe, Harvey Checkoway, Lianne Sheppard, and Susan Searles Nielsen

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Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome due to unilateral anterior opercular infarction with leukoaraiosis, Katherine Rivas, Jie Pan, Angela Chen, Bailey Gutiérrez, and Parunyou Julayanont

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Does Informant-Based Reporting of Cognitive Decline Correlate with Age-Adjusted Hippocampal Volume in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease?, Marwan Sabbagh, Justin Miller, Stephen Jones, Aaron Ritter, Jiong Shi, Boris Decourt, and Dylan Wint

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Open Peer Commentary to “Failure to demonstrate efficacy of aducanumab: An analysis of the EMERGE and ENGAGE Trials as reported by Biogen December 2019”, Marwan Noel Sabbagh and Jeffrey Cummings

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Therapeutic considerations for APOE and TOMM40 in Alzheimers disease: A tribute to Allen Roses MD, Marwan Noel Sabbagh, Evans Pope, Laura Cordes, Jiong Shi, and Boris DeCourt

Is diabetes associated with increased pathological burden in Alzheimer's disease?, Kaviyon Sadrolashrafi, Suzanne Craft, Boris Decourt, Abdu Adem, Jeffrey R. Wilson, Justin Miller, and Marwan N. Sabbagh

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Fluid and Tissue Biomarkers of Lewy Body Dementia: Report of an LBDA Symposium, Gregory D. Scott, Moriah R. Arnold, Thomas G. Beach, Christopher H. Gibbons, Anumantha G. Kanthasamy, Russell M. Lebovitz, Afina W. Lemstra, Leslie M. Shaw, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Henrik Zetterberg, Angela S. Taylor, Todd C. Graham, Bradley F. Boeve, Stephen N. Gomperts, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Charbel Moussa, Kathleen L. Poston, Liana S. Rosenthal, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Ryan R. Walsh, Miriam T. Weber, Melissa J. Armstrong, Jee A. Bang, Andrea C. Bozoki, Kimiko Domoto-Reilly, John E. Duda, Jori E. Fleisher, Douglas R. Galasko, James E. Galvin, Jennifer G. Goldman, Samantha K. Holden, and Lawrence S. Honig

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Hospital Characteristics and Mortality in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Tiffany O. Sheehan, Nicolle W. Davis, Brian C. Peach, Margaret Ansell, Jeannie P. Cimiotti, Yi Guo, Debra Lynch Kelly, Saunjoo L. Yoon, and Ann L. Horgas

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Plasma phosphorylated-tau181 as a predictive biomarker for Alzheimer’s amyloid, tau and FDG PET status, Xue Ning Shen, Yu Yuan Huang, Shi Dong Chen, Yu Guo, Lan Tan, Qiang Dong, Jin Tai Yu, Michael W. Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John C. Morris, Richard J. Perrin, Leslie M. Shaw, Maria Carrillo, William Potter, Lisa Barnes, Marie Bernard, Hector González, Carole Ho, John K. Hsiao, Jonathan Jackson, Eliezer Masliah, Donna Masterman, and Ozioma Okonkwo

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Severe Neurologic Complications of SARS-CoV-2, Daniella C. Sisniega and Alexandra S. Reynolds

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Molecular clarification of brainstem astroblastoma with EWSR1-BEND2 fusion in a 38-year-old man, Matthew A. Smith-Cohn, Zied Abdullaev, Kenneth D. Aldape, Martha Quezado, Marc K. Rosenblum, Chad M. Vanderbilt, Fausto J. Rodriguez, John Laterra, and Charles G. Eberhart

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Molecularly Targeted Clinical Trials, Matthew A. Smith-Cohn, Orieta Celiku, and Mark R. Gilbert

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Effect of age on clinical trial outcome in participants with probable alzheimer's disease, Steven D. Targum, Lisa Fosdick, Kristen E. Drake, Paul B. Rosenberg, Anna D. Burke, David A. Wolk, Kelly D. Foote, Wael F. Asaad, Marwan Sabbagh, Gwenn S. Smith, Andres M. Lozano, and Constantine G. Lyketsos

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(Sulfonylurea Receptor-1) Impact on Brain Atrophy after Traumatic Brain Injury Varies by Sex, Swathi Tata, Benjamin E. Zusman, Patrick M. Kochanek, Volodymyr Gerzanich, Min Seong Kwon, Seung Kyoon Woo, Robert S. Clark, Keri Janesko-Feldman, Vincent A. Vagni, J Marc Simard, and Ruchira M. Jha

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Pneumocephalus: a radiological presentation of intracranial hypotension secondary to spinal anaesthesia, Thanita Thongtan, Parunyou Julayanont, and Victor Test

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Editorial: A Time of Transition of Alzheimer's Disease in the Advent of Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies, Babak Tousi and Marwan Noel Sabbagh

Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for mild Guillain-Barré syndrome: an international observational study., Christine Verboon, Thomas Harbo, David R Cornblath, Richard A C Hughes, Pieter A van Doorn, Michael P Lunn, Kenneth C Gorson, Fabio Barroso, Satoshi Kuwabara, Giuliana Galassi, Helmar C Lehmann, Susumu Kusunoki, Ricardo C Reisin, Davide Binda, Guido Cavaletti, Bart C Jacobs, and Shafeeq S. Ladha

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Author Correction: Spread of pathological tau proteins through communicating neurons in human Alzheimer’s disease (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (2612), 10.1038/s41467-020-15701-2), Jacob W. Vogel, Yasser Iturria-Medina, Olof T. Strandberg, Ruben Smith, Elizabeth Levitis, Alan C. Evans, Oskar Hansson, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Michael Donohue, Matthew Bernstein, Nick Fox, and Paul Thompson

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Four distinct trajectories of tau deposition identified in Alzheimer’s disease, Jacob W. Vogel, Alexandra L. Young, Neil P. Oxtoby, Ruben Smith, Rik Ossenkoppele, Olof T. Strandberg, Renaud La Joie, Leon M. Aksman, Michel J. Grothe, Yasser Iturria-Medina, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, and Matthew Bernstein

Effect of Ezogabine on Cortical and Spinal Motor Neuron Excitability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Brian J. Wainger, Eric A. Macklin, Steve Vucic, Courtney E. McIlduff, Sabrina Paganoni, Nicholas J. Maragakis, Richard Bedlack, Namita A. Goyal, Seward B. Rutkove, Dale J. Lange, Michael H. Rivner, Stephen A. Goutman, Shafeeq S. Ladha, Elizabeth A. Mauricio, Robert H. Baloh, Zachary Simmons, Lindsay Pothier, Sylvia Baedorf Kassis, Thuong La, Meghan Hall, Armineuza Evora, David Klements, Aura Hurtado, Joao D. Pereira, Joan Koh, Pablo A. Celnik, Vinay Chaudhry, Karissa Gable, Vern C. Juel, Nicolas Phielipp, and Adel Marei

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Predictors of indirect neural decompression in minimally invasive transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion, Corey T. Walker, David S. Xu, Tyler S. Cole, Lea M. Alhilali, Jakub Godzik, Santiago Angel Estrada, Juan Pedro Giraldo, Joshua T. Wewel, Clinton D. Morgan, James J. Zhou, Alexander C. Whiting, S Harrison Farber, Nikolay L. Martirosyan, Jay D. Turner, and Juan S. Uribe

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Treating supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage: hopeless? Or rethink our strategy, David Z. Wang, Liping Liu, Guohua Xi, and Yongjun Wang

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Association of elevated hs-CRP and multiple infarctions with outcomes of minor stroke or TIA: subgroup analysis of CHANCE randomised clinical trial, Guangyao Wang, Jing Jing, Jiejie Li, Yuesong Pan, Hongyi Yan, Xia Meng, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, Hao Li, David Z. Wang, Yongjun Wang, and Yilong Wang

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Association of elevated hs-CRP and multiple infarctions with outcomes of minor stroke or TIA: subgroup analysis of CHANCE randomised clinical trial, Guangyao Wang, Jing Jing, Jiejie Li, Yuesong Pan, Hongyi Yan, Xia Meng, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, Hao Li, David Z. Wang, Yongjun Wang, and Yilong Wang

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Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin in Patients With Different Types of Single Small Subcortical Infarction, Guangyao Wang, Xiaomeng Yang, Jing Jing, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, Chunxue Wang, David Wang, Anxin Wang, Xia Meng, Yongjun Wang, and Yilong Wang

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A comparison of prediction approaches for identifying prodromal Parkinson disease, Mark N. Warden, Susan Searles Nielsen, Alejandra Camacho-Soto, Roman Garnett, and Brad A. Racette

Effects of mexiletine on hyperexcitability in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Preliminary findings from a small phase II randomized controlled trial, Michael D. Weiss, Eric A. Macklin, Courtney E. McIlduff, Steve Vucic, Brian J. Wainger, Matthew C. Kiernan, Stephen A. Goutman, Namita A. Goyal, Seward B. Rutkove, Shafeeq S. Ladha, I. Hweii Amy Chen, Matthew B. Harms, Thomas H. Brannagan, David Lacomis, Sasha Zivkovic, Maxwell Ma, Leo H. Wang, Zachary Simmons, Michael H. Rivner, Jeremy M. Shefner, Merit E. Cudkowicz, and Nazem Atassi

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Neurofibrillary tau depositions emerge with subthreshold cerebral beta-amyloidosis in down syndrome, Matthew D. Zammit, Dana L. Tudorascu, Charles M. Laymon, Sigan L. Hartley, Paul A. Ellison, Shahid H. Zaman, Beau M. Ances, Sterling C. Johnson, Charles K. Stone, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Chester A. Mathis, William E. Klunk, Ann D. Cohen, Benjamin L. Handen, and Bradley T. Christian

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Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study, Yifan Zhou, Candong Hong, Jiang Chang, Yuanpeng Xia, Huijuan Jin, Yanan Li, Ling Mao, Yong Wang, Lei Zhang, Chunlian Pan, Jichuan Hu, Ming Huang, David Wang, Shengcai Chen, and Bo Hu

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Choice of Whole Blood versus Lactated Ringer's Resuscitation Modifies the Relationship between Blood Pressure Target and Functional Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury plus Hemorrhagic Shock in Mice, Benjamin E. Zusman, C Edward Dixon, Ruchira M. Jha, Vincent A. Vagni, Jeremy J. Henchir, Shaun W. Carlson, Keri L. Janesko-Feldman, Zachary S. Bailey, Deborah A. Shear, Janice S. Gilsdorf, and Patrick M. Kochanek

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Multifaceted Benefit of Whole Blood Versus Lactated Ringer's Resuscitation After Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock in Mice, Benjamin E. Zusman, Patrick M. Kochanek, Zachary S. Bailey, Lai Yee Leung, Vincent A. Vagni, David O. Okonkwo, Ava M. Puccio, Lori A. Shutter, Keri L. Janesko-Feldman, Janice S. Gilsdorf, Deborah A. Shear, and Ruchira M. Jha

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 is Associated with Intracranial Pressure and Outcome after Pediatric TBI: An Exploratory Analysis of the Cool Kids Trial, Benjamin E. Zusman, Patrick M. Kochanek, Michael J. Bell, P David Adelson, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Alicia K. Au, Robert S. Clark, Hülya Bayır, Keri Janesko-Feldman, and Ruchira M. Jha

Submissions from 2020

C3a receptor antagonist therapy is protective with or without thrombolysis in murine thromboembolic stroke., Saif Ahmad, Chirayu Pandya, Adam Kindelin, Kanchan Bhatia, Rafay Chaudhary, Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Jennifer M Eschbacher, Qiang Liu, Michael F Waters, Md Nasrul Hoda, and Andrew F. Ducruet

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Long-Term Safety Evaluation of Ubrogepant for the Acute Treatment of Migraine: Phase 3, Randomized, 52-Week Extension Trial., Jessica Ailani, Richard B Lipton, Susan Hutchinson, Kerry Knievel, Kaifeng Lu, Matthew Butler, Sung Yun Yu, Michelle Finnegan, Lawrence Severt, and Joel M Trugman

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Exploring outcomes and characteristics of myasthenia gravis: Rationale, aims and design of registry - The EXPLORE-MG registry, Rahul Anil, Aditya Kumar, Sneha Alaparthi, Aditi Sharma, Joan L. Nye, Bhaskar Roy, Kevin C. O'Connor, and Richard J. Nowak

Better stress coping associated with lower tau in amyloid-positive cognitively unimpaired older adults, Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo, Scott A. Przybelski, Mary M. MacHulda, David S. Knopman, Val J. Lowe, Michelle M. Mielke, Ashritha L. Reddy, Yonas E. Geda, Clifford R. Jack, Ronald C. Petersen, and Prashanthi Vemuri

Rare but life-threatening aspiration pneumonia related to initiation of clobazam therapy, Thandar Aung and Vladimir Shvarts

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Severe hyposmia distinguishes neuropathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer’s disease dementia, Thomas G. Beach, Charles H. Adler, Nan Zhang, Geidy E. Serrano, Lucia I. Sue, Erika Driver-Dunckley, Shayamal H. Mehta, Edouard E. Zamrini, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Holly A. Shill, Christine M. Belden, David R. Shprecher, Richard J. Caselli, Eric M. Reiman, Kathryn J. Davis, Kathy E. Long, Lisa R. Nicholson, Anthony J. Intorcia, Michael J. Glass, Jessica E. Walker, Michael M. Callan, Javon C. Oliver, Richard Arce, and Richard C. Gerkin

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Preliminary Assessment of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted MRI (IVIM-DWI) Metrics in Alzheimer's Disease, Maurizio Bergamino, Ashley Nespodzany, Leslie C. Baxter, Anna Burke, Richard J. Caselli, Marwan N. Sabbagh, Ryan R. Walsh, and Ashley M. Stokes

Radicava / edaravone findings in biomarkers from ALS (REFINE ALS): Protocol and study design, James Berry, Benjamin Brooks, Angela Genge, Terry Heiman-Patterson, Stanley Appel, Michael Benatar, Robert Bowser, Merit Cudkowicz, Clifton Gooch, Jeremy Shefner, Jurjen Westra, Wendy Agnese, Charlotte Merrill, Sally Nelson, and Stephen Apple

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Its Effects on Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials: A Pretrial Study of a New, U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Approved Device, Michael A. Bohl, Christina A. Newell, Vladimir Shvarts, and Asim Haque

Cost-Effectiveness and Efficacy of a Novel Combination Regimen in Acromegaly: A Prospective, Randomized Trial., Vivien Bonert, James Mirocha, John Carmichael, Kevin C J Yuen, Takako Araki, and Shlomo Melmed

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Herpesvirus Infections and Risk of Parkinson's Disease, Alejandra Camacho-Soto, Irene Faust, Brad A. Racette, David B. Clifford, Harvey Checkoway, and Susan Searles Nielsen

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Fractures in the prodromal period of Parkinson disease, Alejandra Camacho-Soto, Anat Gross, Susan Searles Nielsen, Anna N. Miller, Mark N. Warden, Amber Salter, and Brad A. Racette

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[11C]dihydrotetrabenazine Positron Emission Tomography in Manganese-Exposed Workers, Susan R. Criswell, Susan Searles Nielsen, Mark N. Warden, Joel S. Perlmutter, Stephen M. Moerlein, Lianne Sheppard, Jason Lenox-Krug, Harvey Checkoway, and Brad A. Racette

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Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2020, Jeffrey Cummings, Garam Lee, Aaron Ritter, Marwan Sabbagh, and Kate Zhong

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Emergency Department Length of Stay and Other Factors Contributing to Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patient Outcomes: An Executive Summary, Nicolle W. Davis, Tiffany O. Sheehan, Brian C. Peach, Margaret Ansell, Jeannie P. Cimiotti, Yi Guo, Debra Lynch Kelly, Ann L. Horgas, and Saunjoo L. Yoon

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MCLENA-1: A phase ii clinical trial for the assessment of safety, tolerability, and efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to alzheimer’s disease, Boris Decourt, Jeffrey Wilson, Aaron Ritter, Christopher Dardis, Frank P. Difilippo, Xiaowei Zhuang, Dietmar Cordes, Garam Lee, Nadia D. Fulkerson, Tessa St Rose, Katurah Hartley, and Marwan N. Sabbagh

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Deep Learning for Automated Measurement of Hemorrhage and Perihematomal Edema in Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Rajat Dhar, Guido J. Falcone, Yasheng Chen, Ali Hamzehloo, Elayna P. Kirsch, Rommell B. Noche, Kilian Roth, Julian Acosta, Andres Ruiz, Chia-Ling Phuah, Daniel Woo, Thomas M. Gill, Kevin N. Sheth, and Jin-Moo Lee

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Manganese exposure, parkinsonian signs, and quality of life in South African mine workers, Wendy W. Dlamini, Gill Nelson, Susan Searles Nielsen, and Brad A. Racette

Heterogeneity in Outcome Reporting in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Reconstruction: A Systematic Review, Christina Dorismond, Griffin D. Santarelli, Brian D. Thorp, Adam J. Kimple, Charles S. Ebert, and Adam M. Zanation

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Genetically Elevated LDL Associates with Lower Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Guido J. Falcone, Elayna Kirsch, Julian N. Acosta, Rommell B. Noche, Audrey Leasure, Sandro Marini, Jaeyoon Chung, Magdy Selim, James F. Meschia, Devin L. Brown, Bradford B. Worrall, David L. Tirschwell, Jeremiasz M. Jagiella, Helena Schmidt, Jordi Jimenez-Conde, Israel Fernandez-Cadenas, Arne Lindgren, Agnieszka Slowik, Dipender Gill, Michael Holmes, Chia-Ling Phuah, Nils H. Petersen, Charles N. Matouk Md, Murat Gunel, Lauren Sansing, Derrick Bennett, Zhengming Chen, Luan L. Sun, Robert Clarke, Robin G. Walters, and Thomas M. Gill

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Validation of a Parkinson Disease Predictive Model in a Population-Based Study, Irene M. Faust, Brad A. Racette, and Susan Searles Nielsen

Neuro-Otology., Terry D. Fife

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A Rare Mutation Associated With Probable Late-Onset Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, Jacob J. Fondriest and Karl C. Golnik

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Functional brain architecture is associated with the rate of tau accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease, Nicolai Franzmeier, Julia Neitzel, Anna Rubinski, Ruben Smith, Olof Strandberg, Rik Ossenkoppele, Oskar Hansson, Michael Ewers, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, William Jagust, John Q. Trojanowki, Arthur W. Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C. Green, Andrew J. Saykin, John C. Morris, Leslie M. Shaw, Enchi Liu, Tom Montine, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Gus Jiminez, Danielle Harvey, Matthew Bernstein, and Nick Fox

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Higher CSF sTREM2 attenuates ApoE4-related risk for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, Nicolai Franzmeier, M. Suárez-Calvet, Lukas Frontzkowski, Annah Moore, Timothy J. Hohman, Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez, Brigitte Nuscher, Leslie Shaw, John Q. Trojanowski, Martin Dichgans, Gernot Kleinberger, Christian Haass, Michael Ewers, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Gerald Novak, Robert C. Green, Tom Montine, Ronald Petersen, Anthony Gamst, Ronald G. Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Laurel Beckett, Danielle Harvey, John Kornak, Clifford R. Jack, Anders Dale, Matthew Bernstein, and Joel Felmlee