Extravascular optical coherence tomography: evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis and pravastatin therapy

Authors

• Robert T. Wicks, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Yong Huang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Kang Zhang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Mingtao Zhao, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Betty M. Tyler, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Ian Suk, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Lee Hwang, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Jacob Ruzevick, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• George Jallo, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Henry Brem, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Gustavo Pradilla, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
• Jin U. Kang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Extravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT), as a noninvasive imaging methodology with micrometer resolution, was evaluated in a murine model of carotid atherosclerosis by way of assessing the efficacy of pravastatin therapy. METHODS: An OCT device was engineered for extravascular plaque imaging. Wild-type mice and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice were randomized to 3 treatment groups: (1) wild-type on a diet of standard rodent chow (n=13); (2) ApoE(-/-) on a high-fat, atherosclerotic diet (HFD; n=13); and (3) ApoE(-/-) on a HFD given daily pravastatin (n=13). Mice were anesthetized and the left common carotid was surgically exposed. Three-dimensional (3D; 2 spatial dimensions+time) and 4D (3 spatial dimensions+time) OCT images of the vessel lumen patency were evaluated. After perfusion, in situ OCT imaging was performed for statistical comparison with the in vivo results and final histology. RESULTS: Intraoperative OCT imaging positively identified carotid plaque in 100% of ApoE(-/-) mice on HFD. ApoE(-/-) mice on HFD had a significantly decreased lumen patency when compared with that in wild-type mice (P<0.001). Pravastatin therapy was found to increase lumen patency significantly in ApoE(-/-) mice on HFD (P<0.01; compared with ApoE(-/-) on HFD). The findings were confirmed with OCT imaging after perfusion and histology. CONCLUSIONS: OCT imaging offers the potential for real-time, detailed vessel lumen evaluation, potentially improving surgical accuracy and outcomes during cerebrovascular neurosurgical procedures. Pravastatin significantly increases vessel lumen patency in the ApoE(-/-) mouse on HFD.

Medical Subject Headings

Animals; Apolipoproteins E (genetics); Carotid Artery Diseases (drug therapy, pathology); Carotid Stenosis (drug therapy, pathology); Disease Models, Animal; Drug Monitoring (methods); Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (pharmacology); Imaging, Three-Dimensional (methods); Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pravastatin (pharmacology); Random Allocation; Tomography, Optical Coherence (methods)

Publication Date

4-1-2014

Publication Title

Stroke

E-ISSN

1524-4628

Volume

45

Issue

4

First Page

1123

Last Page

1130

PubMed ID

24627118

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.002970

Recommended Citation

Wicks, Robert T.; Huang, Yong; Zhang, Kang; Zhao, Mingtao; Tyler, Betty M.; Suk, Ian; Hwang, Lee; Ruzevick, Jacob; Jallo, George; Brem, Henry; Pradilla, Gustavo; and Kang, Jin U., "Extravascular optical coherence tomography: evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis and pravastatin therapy" (2014). Neurosurgery. 2311.
https://scholar.barrowneuro.org/neurosurgery/2311