Sex-dependent characteristics and outcomes after clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a multicenter propensity score-matched study

Authors

Richard Drexler, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Jennifer Sauvigny, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Tobias F. Pantel, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Franz L. Ricklefs, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Joshua S. Catapano, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
John E. Wanebo, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Michael T. Lawton, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona.
Aminaa Sanchin, Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
Nils Hecht, Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
Peter Vajkoczy, Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
Kunal P. Raygor, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
Daniel A. Tonetti, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
Adib Abla, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.
Kareem El Naamani, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Pascal Jabbour, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Brian T. Jankowitz, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Mohamed M. Salem, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Jan-Karl Burkhardt, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Arthur Wagner, Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
Maria Wostrack, Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
Jens Gempt, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Bernhard Meyer, Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
Michael Gaub, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health and Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.
Justin R. Mascitelli, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health and Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.
Philippe Dodier, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Gerhard Bavinzski, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Karl Roessler, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Nico Stroh, Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
Matthias Gmeiner, Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
Andreas Gruber, Department of Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Disparities in the epidemiology and growth rates of aneurysms between the sexes are known. However, little is known about sex-dependent outcomes after microsurgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in characteristics and outcomes after microsurgical clipping of UIAs and to perform a propensity score-matched analysis using an international multicenter cohort. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved the participation of 15 centers spanning four continents. It included adult patients who underwent clipping of UIAs between January 2016 and December 2020. Patients were stratified according to their sex and analyzed for differences in morbidities and aneurysm characteristics. Based on this stratification, female patients were matched to male patients in a 1:1 ratio with a caliper width of 0.1 using propensity score matching. Endpoints included postoperative complications, neurological performance, and aneurysm occlusion at discharge and 24 months after clip placement. RESULTS: A total of 2245 patients with a mean age of 57.3 (range 20-87) years were included. Of these patients, 1675 (74.6%) were female. Female patients were significantly older (mean 57.6 vs 56.4 years, p = 0.03) but had fewer comorbidities. Aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (7.1% vs 4.2%), posterior communicating artery (6.9% vs 1.9%), and ophthalmic artery (6.0% vs 2.8%) were more commonly treated surgically in females, while clipping of aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery was more frequent in males (17.0% vs 25.3%; all p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, female patients were found to have had significantly fewer pulmonary complications (1.4% vs 4.2%, p = 0.01). However, general morbidity (24.5% vs 25.2%, p = 0.72) and mortality (0.5% vs 1.1%, p = 0.34), as well as neurological performance (p = 0.58), were comparable at discharge in both sexes. Lastly, rates of aneurysm occlusion at the time of discharge (95.5% vs 94.9%, p = 0.71) and 24 months after surgery (93.8% vs 96.1%, p = 0.22) did not significantly differ between male and female patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite overall differences between male and female patients in demographics, comorbidities, and treated aneurysm location, sex did not relevantly affect surgical performance or perioperative complication rates.

Publication Date

5-31-2024

Publication Title

Journal of neurosurgery

E-ISSN

1933-0693

First Page

1

Last Page

8

PubMed ID

38820613

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3171/2024.3.JNS2484

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