Exosomes in Vascular/Neurological Disorders and the Road Ahead

Faisal A. Alzahrani, Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Yasir M. Riza, Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Thamir M. Eid, Department of Biochemistry, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Reema Almotairi, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Lea Scherschinski, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Jessica Contreras, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Muhammed Nadeem, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Sylvia E. Perez, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Ruchira M. Jha, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Mark C. Preul, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Andrew F. Ducruet, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Michael T. Lawton, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Kanchan Bhatia, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA.
Naseem Akhter, Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403, USA.
Saif Ahmad, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, and aneurysms, are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Recent research suggests that proteins linked to these conditions can be secreted and transferred among cells using exosomes. The transmission of abnormal protein buildup and the gradual degeneration in the brains of impacted individuals might be supported by these exosomes. Furthermore, it has been reported that neuroprotective functions can also be attributed to exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. The potential neuroprotective functions may play a role in preventing the formation of aggregates and abnormal accumulation of proteins associated with the disease. The present review summarizes the roles of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases as well as elucidating their therapeutic potential in AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, and aneurysms. By elucidating these two aspects of exosomes, valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases may be provided.

Medical Subject Headings

Exosomes (metabolism); Humans; Animals; Neurodegenerative Diseases (metabolism, pathology); Vascular Diseases (metabolism, pathology); Nervous System Diseases (metabolism, pathology)

Publication Date

4-12-2024

Publication Title

Cells

E-ISSN

2073-4409

Volume

13

Issue

8

PubMed ID

38667285

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3390/cells13080670

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