Spatial variation of pneumonia hospitalization risk in Twin Cities metro area, Minnesota.

Department

Neurology

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Fine resolution spatial variability in pneumonia hospitalization may identify correlates with socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors. We performed a retrospective study within the Fairview Health System network of Minnesota. Patients 2 months of age and older hospitalized with pneumonia between 2011 and 2015 were geocoded to their census block group, and pneumonia hospitalization risk was analyzed in relation to socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors. Spatial analyses were performed using Esri's ArcGIS software, and multivariate Poisson regression was used. Hospital encounters of 17 840 patients were included in the analysis. Multivariate Poisson regression identified several significant associations, including a 40% increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization among census block groups with large, compared with small, populations of ⩾65 years, a 56% increased risk among census block groups in the bottom (first) quartile of median household income compared to the top (fourth) quartile, a 44% higher risk in the fourth quartile of average nitrogen dioxide emissions compared with the first quartile, and a 47% higher risk in the fourth quartile of average annual solar insolation compared to the first quartile. After adjusting for income, moving from the first to the second quartile of the race/ethnic diversity index resulted in a 21% significantly increased risk of pneumonia hospitalization. In conclusion, the risk of pneumonia hospitalization at the census-block level is associated with age, income, race/ethnic diversity index, air quality, and solar insolation, and varies by region-specific factors. Identifying correlates using fine spatial analysis provides opportunities for targeted prevention and control.

Medical Subject Headings

Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Minnesota; Pneumonia; Poisson Distribution; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Spatial Analysis; Urban Population; Young Adult

Publication Date

11-1-2017

Publication Title

Epidemiology and infection

ISSN

1469-4409

Volume

145

Issue

15

First Page

3274

Last Page

3283

PubMed ID

29039282

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1017/S0950268817002291

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