A new technique for determining 3-D joint angles: The tilt/twist method

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Objective. To develop a new method of representing 3-D joint angles that is both physically meaningful and mathematically stable. Design The two halves of a joint are modeled as overlapping cylinders. This simple physical model is easily understood and yields mathematically stable angle equations. Background. Two currently-used methods are the Euler/Cardan (joint coordinate system) method and the projection angle method. Both of these methods approach a singularity at 90°that limits their use. The helical angle (attitude vector) method is mathematically stable but has limited physical meaning and is difficult to communicate. Methods. Calculation of the tilt/twist angles is described. Tilt/twist angles are compared to Euler/Cardan, projection, and helical angles in terms of behavior and stability. Results. Through a small range of angulation, tilt/twist angles match the specific projection and Euler/Cardan angles previously studied. Although not as stable as helical angles, tilt/twist angles are twice as stable as Euler/Cardan and projection angles, reaching a singularity only at 180°. Conclusions. Because of their mathematical stability and simple physical interpretation, tilt/twist angles are recommended as a standard in describing angular joint motion.

Keywords

Attitude vector, Cardan angles, Coupling, Euler angles, Helical angles, Joint coordinate system

Publication Date

3-1-1999

Publication Title

Clinical Biomechanics

ISSN

02680033

Volume

14

Issue

3

First Page

153

Last Page

165

PubMed ID

10619103

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1016/S0268-0033(98)00080-1

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