Inflammatory Activation of Microglia and Astrocytes in Manganese Neurotoxicity

Authors

• Ronald B. Tjalkens, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1680, USA. Ron.Tjalkens@colostate.edu.Follow
• Katriana A. Popichak, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1680, USA.
• Kelly A. Kirkley, Center for Environmental Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1680, USA.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Neurotoxicity due to excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) has been described as early as 1837 (Couper, Br Ann Med Pharm Vital Stat Gen Sci 1:41-42, 1837). Extensive research over the past two decades has revealed that Mn-induced neurological injury involves complex pathophysiological signaling mechanisms between neurons and glial cells. Glial cells are an important target of Mn in the brain, both for sequestration of the metal, as well as for activating inflammatory signaling pathways that damage neurons through overproduction of numerous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and inflammatory cytokines. Understanding how these pathways are regulated in glial cells during Mn exposure is critical to determining the mechanisms underlying permanent neurological dysfunction stemming from excess exposure. The subject of this review will be to delineate mechanisms by which Mn interacts with glial cells to perturb neuronal function, with a particular emphasis on neuroinflammation and neuroinflammatory signaling between distinct populations of glial cells.

Keywords

Astrogliosis, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Manganism, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Medical Subject Headings

Astrocytes (immunology, metabolism); Brain (immunology, metabolism, physiopathology); Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Humans; Inflammation; Manganese Poisoning (immunology, metabolism, physiopathology); Microglia (immunology, metabolism); Neurons (metabolism); Neurotoxicity Syndromes (immunology, metabolism, physiopathology); Parkinsonian Disorders (immunology, metabolism, physiopathology); Receptors, Pattern Recognition (metabolism); Signal Transduction

Publication Date

1-1-2017

Publication Title

Advances in neurobiology

ISSN

2190-5215

Volume

18

First Page

159

Last Page

181

PubMed ID

28889267

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_8

Recommended Citation

Tjalkens, Ronald B.; Popichak, Katriana A.; and Kirkley, Kelly A., "Inflammatory Activation of Microglia and Astrocytes in Manganese Neurotoxicity" (2017). Translational Neuroscience. 2530.
https://scholar.barrowneuro.org/neurobiology/2530