"Advanced" Parkinson's disease: A review.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

There is no consensus driven definition of "advanced" Parkinson's disease (APD) currently. APD has been described in terms of emergence of specific clinical features and clinical milestones of the disease e.g., motor fluctuations, time to increasing falls, emergence of cognitive decline, etc. The pathological burden of disease has been used to characterize various stages of the disease. Imaging markers have been associated with various motor and nonmotor symptoms of advancing disease. In this review, we present an overview of clinical, pathologic, and imaging markers of APD. We also propose a model of disease definition involving longitudinal assessments of these markers as well as quality of life metrics to better understand and predict disease progression in those with Parkinson's disease.

Keywords

Parkinson Disease, Humans, Disease Progression

Medical Subject Headings

Parkinson Disease; Humans; Disease Progression

Publication Date

6-1-2024

Publication Title

Parkinsonism & related disorders

ISSN

1873-5126

Volume

123

First Page

106065

Last Page

106065

PubMed ID

38418318

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106065

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