Effects of dietary restriction on gut microbiota and CNS autoimmunity

Authors

Claudia Cantoni, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.Follow
Yair Dorsett, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
Luigi Fontana, Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy.
Yanjiao Zhou, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
Laura Piccio, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. Electronic address: laura.piccio@sydney.edu.au.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. It is due to the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Current opinion is that diet could play a pathogenic role in disease onset and development. Dietary restriction (DR) without malnutrition markedly improves health and increases lifespan in multiple model organisms. DR regimens that utilize continuous or intermittent food restriction can induce anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and neuroendocrine adaptations promoting health. These adaptations exert neuroprotective effects in the main MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This review summarizes the current knowledge on DR-induced changes in gut microbial composition and metabolite production and its impact on underlying functional mechanisms. Studies demonstrating the protective effects of DR regimens on EAE and people with MS are also presented. This is a rapidly developing research field with important clinical implications for personalized dietary interventions in MS prevention and treatment.

Medical Subject Headings

Animals; Caloric Restriction; Fasting; Gastrointestinal Microbiome (immunology); Humans; Obesity (diet therapy)

Publication Date

2-1-2022

Publication Title

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

E-ISSN

1521-7035

Volume

235

First Page

108575

PubMed ID

32822833

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1016/j.clim.2020.108575

Recommended Citation

Cantoni, Claudia; Dorsett, Yair; Fontana, Luigi; Zhou, Yanjiao; and Piccio, Laura, "Effects of dietary restriction on gut microbiota and CNS autoimmunity" (2022). Translational Neuroscience. 2329.
https://scholar.barrowneuro.org/neurobiology/2329