Dietary Intake Regulates the Circulating Inflammatory Monocyte Pool

Authors

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Caloric restriction is known to improve inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms by which reduced caloric intake modulates inflammation are poorly understood. Here we show that short-term fasting reduced monocyte metabolic and inflammatory activity and drastically reduced the number of circulating monocytes. Regulation of peripheral monocyte numbers was dependent on dietary glucose and protein levels. Specifically, we found that activation of the low-energy sensor 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes and suppression of systemic CCL2 production by peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPARα) reduced monocyte mobilization from the bone marrow. Importantly, we show that fasting improves chronic inflammatory diseases without compromising monocyte emergency mobilization during acute infectious inflammation and tissue repair. These results reveal that caloric intake and liver energy sensors dictate the blood and tissue immune tone and link dietary habits to inflammatory disease outcome.

Keywords

AMPK, CCL2, Caloric restriction, PPARα, fasting, inflammation, inflammatory disease, liver, metabolism, monocyte

Medical Subject Headings

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism); Adult; Animals; Antigens, Ly (metabolism); Bone Marrow Cells (cytology, metabolism); Caloric Restriction; Chemokine CCL2 (deficiency, genetics, metabolism); Female; Hepatocytes (cytology, metabolism); Humans; Inflammation (metabolism, pathology); Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Monocytes (cytology, metabolism); PPAR alpha (deficiency, genetics, metabolism)

Publication Date

8-22-2019

Publication Title

Cell

E-ISSN

1097-4172

Volume

178

Issue

5

First Page

1102

Last Page

1114.e17

PubMed ID

31442403

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.050

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