Impact of COVID-19 on the cerebrovascular system and the prevention of RBC lysis.

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) uses Angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to infect host cells which may lead to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Given the presence of ACE2 receptors in the brain and the critical role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in brain functions, special attention to brain microcirculation and neuronal inflammation is warranted during COVID-19 treatment. Neurological complications reported among COVID-19 patients range from mild dizziness, headache, hypogeusia, hyposmia to severe like encephalopathy, stroke, Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), CNS demyelination, infarcts, microhemorrhages and nerve root enhancement. The pathophysiology of these complications is likely via direct viral infection of the CNS and PNS tissue or through indirect effects including post- viral autoimmune response, neurological consequences of sepsis, hyperpyrexia, hypoxia and hypercoagulability among critically ill COVID-19 patients. Further, decreased deformability of red blood cells (RBC) may be contributing to inflammatory conditions and hypoxia in COVID-19 patients. Haptoglobin, hemopexin, heme oxygenase-1 and acetaminophen may be used to maintain the integrity of the RBC membrane.

Keywords

Brain, COVID-19, Erythrocytes, Hemolysis, Humans, Models, Neurological, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Nervous System Diseases, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2

Medical Subject Headings

Brain; COVID-19; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Models, Neurological; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Nervous System Diseases; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2

Publication Date

10-1-2020

Publication Title

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences

ISSN

2284-0729

Volume

24

Issue

19

First Page

10267

Last Page

10278

PubMed ID

33090438

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