Challenges encountered during development of Mn porphyrin-based, potent redox-active drug and superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5 +, and its alkoxyalkyl analogues
Document Type
Article
Abstract
We disclose here the studies that preceded and guided the preparation of the metal-based, redox-active therapeutic Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-butoxyethylpyridyl)porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5 + (BMX-001), which is currently in Phase I/II Clinical Trials at Duke University (USA) as a radioprotector of normal tissues in cancer patients. N-substituted pyridylporphyrins are ligands for Mn(III) complexes that are among the most potent superoxide dismutase mimics thus far synthesized. To advance their design, thereby improving their physical and chemical properties and bioavailability/toxicity profiles, we undertook a systematic study on placing oxygen atoms into N-alkylpyridyl chains via alkoxyalkylation reaction. For the first time we show here the unforeseen structural rearrangement that happens during the alkoxyalkylation reaction by the corresponding tosylates. Comprehensive experimental and computational approaches were employed to solve the rearrangement mechanism involved in quaternization of pyridyl nitrogens, which, instead of a single product, led to a variety of mixed N-alkoxyalkylated and N-alkylated pyridylporphyrins. The rearrangement mechanism involves the formation of an intermediate alkyl oxonium cation in a chain-length-dependent manner, which subsequently drives differential kinetics and thermodynamics of competing N-alkoxyalkylation versus in situ N-alkylation. The use of alkoxyalkyl tosylates, of different length of alkyl fragments adjacent to oxygen atom, allowed us to identify the set of alkyl fragments that would result in the synthesis of a single compound of high purity and excellent therapeutic potential.
Keywords
FP-15, Alkoxyalkyl tosylates, Mechanism of pyridyl nitrogen quaternization, Mn N-alkoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP (BMX-001) 5 +, MnTTEG-2-PyP 5 +, SOD mimics
Publication Date
4-1-2017
Publication Title
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
ISSN
01620134
E-ISSN
18733344
Volume
169
First Page
50
Last Page
60
PubMed ID
28131001
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.01.003
Recommended Citation
Rajic, Zrinka; Tovmasyan, Artak; de Santana, Otávio L.; Peixoto, Isabelle N.; Spasojevic, Ivan; do Monte, Silmar A.; Ventura, Elizete; Rebouças, Júlio S.; and Batinic-Haberle, Ines, "Challenges encountered during development of Mn porphyrin-based, potent redox-active drug and superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5 +, and its alkoxyalkyl analogues" (2017). Translational Neuroscience. 1258.
https://scholar.barrowneuro.org/neurobiology/1258