Factors influencing geographic gender disparity in neurosurgery: a nationwide geospatial clustering analysis
Document Type
Article
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Women neurosurgeons (WNs) continue to remain a minority in the specialty despite significant initiatives to increase their representation. One domain less explored is the regional distribution of WNs, facilitated by the hiring practices of neurosurgical departments across the US. In this analysis, the authors coupled the stated practice location of WNs with regional geospatial data to identify hot spots and cold spots of prevalence and examined regional predictors of increases and decreases in WNs over time. METHODS: The authors examined the National Provider Identifier (NPI) numbers of all neurosurgeons obtained via the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES), identifying the percentage of WNs in each county for which data were appended with data from the US Census Bureau. Change in WN rates was identified by calculating a regression slope for all years included (2015-2022). Hot spots and cold spots of WNs were identified through Moran's clustering analysis. Population and surgeon features were compared for hot spots and cold spots. RESULTS: WNs constituted 10.73% of all currently active neurosurgical NPIs, which has increased from 2015 (8.81%). Three hot spots were found-including the Middle Atlantic and Pacific divisions-that contrasted with scattered cold spots throughout the East Central regions that included Memphis as a major city. Although relatively rapidly growing, hot spots had significant gender inequality, with a median WN percentage of 11.38% and a median of 0.61 WNs added to each respective county per year. CONCLUSIONS: The authors analyzed the prevalence of WNs by using aggregated data from the NPPES and US Census Bureau. The authors also show regional hot spots of WNs and that the establishment of WNs in a region is a predictor of additional WNs entering the region. These data suggest that female neurosurgical mentorship and representation may be a major driver of acceptance and further gender diversity in a given region.
Medical Subject Headings
Humans; Female; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgeons; Neurosurgical Procedures; Cluster Analysis; Prevalence
Publication Date
1-1-2024
Publication Title
Journal of neurosurgery
E-ISSN
1933-0693
Volume
140
Issue
1
First Page
282
Last Page
290
PubMed ID
37439489
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.3171/2023.5.JNS23203
Recommended Citation
Naik, Anant; Peterman, Nicholas; Furey, Charuta; Paisan, Gabriella; Catapano, Joshua; Bhardwaj, Drishti; Iyer, Ankitha; Bederson, Maria; Pappu, Suguna; Snyder, Laura; Stroink, Ann; Lawton, Michael T.; and Arnold, Paul M., "Factors influencing geographic gender disparity in neurosurgery: a nationwide geospatial clustering analysis" (2024). Neurosurgery. 1976.
https://scholar.barrowneuro.org/neurosurgery/1976