Virtual Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Simulation with 3D-Printed Models for Mixed-Reality Nasal Endoscopy

Document Type

Article

Abstract

The surgeon's knowledge of a patient's individual anatomy is critical in skull base surgery. Trainees and experienced surgeons can benefit from surgical simulation; however, current models are expensive and impractical for widespread use. In this study, we report a next-generation mixed-reality surgical simulator. We segmented critical anatomic structures for 3-dimensional (3D) models to develop a modular teaching tool. We then developed a navigation tracking system utilizing a 3D-printed endoscope as a trackable virtual-reality (VR) controller and validated the accuracy on VR and 3D-printed skull models within 1 cm. We combined VR and augmented-reality visual cues with our 3D physical model to simulate sinus endoscopy and highlight segmented structures in real time. This report provides evidence that a mixed-reality simulator combining VR and 3D-printed models is feasible and may prove useful as an educational tool that is low cost and customizable.

Medical Subject Headings

Endoscopy (methods); Humans; Models, Educational; Nose (surgery); Paranasal Sinuses (diagnostic imaging, surgery); Printing, Three-Dimensional; Sensitivity and Specificity; Simulation Training (methods); Virtual Reality

Publication Date

11-1-2018

Publication Title

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

E-ISSN

1097-6817

Volume

159

Issue

5

First Page

933

Last Page

937

PubMed ID

30200812

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1177/0194599818797586

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